葛洲坝船闸充水阀门井与输水廊道进水口水体相连,1993年洪季期间曾发生过阀门井水位异常升高,影响船闸设备设施安全等问题。为分析葛洲坝一号船闸充水阀门井水位异常升高的根本原因,基于Mike三维水沙数值模型,模拟分析了不同流量和含沙量级别下的河道水流和含沙量垂向分布结构特征,进而计算阀门井水位异常升高值与河道水流和含沙量的关系,反演1993年洪季葛洲坝一号船闸两个阀门井出现的水位异常现象。研究结果表明,葛洲坝一号船闸阀门井水位异常超过阈值0.5 m的流量和含沙量条件分别约为(30 000 m³/s,2.85 kg/m³),(40 000 m³/s,1.42 kg/m³),(50 000 m³/s,1.23 kg/m³) 。受三峡水库及上游梯级水库蓄水拦沙、退耕还林政策等因素的影响,未来葛洲坝船闸出现高含沙水流导致阀门井水位异常升高>0.5 m的可能性极小,但在三峡水库排沙泄洪期间仍应引起重视。研究成果可为葛洲坝一号船闸安全营运和科学管理提供参考依据。

The valve shaft of Gezhouba dam ship lock is connected to the transmission gallery of the river area. During the flood season of 1993, the water level in the valve shaft increased abnormally, jeopardizing the safety of the lock’s equipment and facilities. To investigate the causes of the abnormal water level rise in the valve shaft of the Gezhouba ship lock, we examined the quantitative relationship between high-sediment-concentration flow and abnormal water levels. Using the Mike-3D numerical model, we simulated the vertical distribution of flow and sediment concentration under various discharge rates and sediment concentrations. We then calculated the relationship between the abnormal water levels in the valve shaft and sediment concentration. Based on these simulations, we explained the abnormal water level increases in the two valve shafts of the Gezhouba ship lock during 1993. Finally, we assessed the likelihood of future abnormal water level increases in the valve shafts. The modelling result reveals that the discharge and sediment concentration at approximately (30 000 m³/s, 2.85 kg/m³), (40 000 m³/s, 1.42 kg/m³), and (50 000 m³/s, 1.23 kg/m³), respectively, would lead to the abnormal water level increase exceeding 0.5 m. Following the construction of cascade reservoirs in the upstream and the implementation of China’s policy of returning farmland to forests, the probability of water level rise exceeding 0.5 m is now quite low. The findings offer valuable management insights for the safe operation of the Gezhouba ship lock.