地下水封油库运行的关键是保持一定的水封厚度,为确定合适的水封厚度,基于气液两相流理论,采用有限元数值模拟方法,以我国某石油储备地下水封洞库为依托,模拟了地下水封石油洞库储油运行期油气的泄漏运移演变过程。结果表明:施工期不设置水幕系统情况下,洞室顶部出现了大面积的疏干区,造成后期无法储油;设置水幕系统情况下,洞库上方能够维持一定水封厚度,洞库周围岩层油气泄漏范围和泄漏量均与储油运行时间呈正幂函数关系;水封厚度越大油气泄漏范围和泄漏量越小,但过大的水封厚度会大大增加工程成本,所对应的案例在水封厚度为30 m时对油气泄漏控制最为经济合理,《地下水封石洞油库设计标准》推荐的水封厚度合理且有一定安全裕度。研究成果可为水封油库工程的设计及油气泄漏控制提供一定理论参考。
Abstract
The key to the operation of underground water-sealed oil storage cavern is to maintain a certain thickness of water seal, which is dependent on the behavior of oil vapor migration under varying water seal depth. To determine a proper water seal depth, we developed a finite element numerical simulation method based on gas-liquid two-phase flow theory to model the evolution process of oil vapor leakage from an underground water-sealed oil storage cavern in China during its operation. Results showed that in construction stage in the absence of water curtain system, a large drainage area at the top of the cavern made oil storage inoperable. However, the construction of a water curtain system enabled the maintenance of a certain thickness of water seal above the coal seam. The range and volume of oil vapor leakage in the surrounding rock displayed positive power function correlation with operation time, with smaller leakage range and volume observed at thicker water seals. However, excessively thick water seals greatly increased engineering costs. Our study suggests an economically and reasonably safe water seal thickness of 30 m, which meets recommended standards and provides a sound basis for water-sealed oil storage cavern design and oil vapor leakage control.
关键词
油气泄漏 /
地下水封石油洞库 /
两相流 /
水幕系统 /
数值模拟 /
水封厚度
Key words
oil vapor leakage /
underground water-sealed oil storage caverns /
two-phase flow /
water curtain system /
numerical simulation /
thickness of water seal
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 王者超, 陆宝麒, 李术才, 等. 地下水封石油洞库施工期安全风险评估研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2015, 37(6): 1057-1067.(WANG Zhe-chao, LU Bao-qi, LI Shu-cai, et al. Risk Assessment for an Underground Crude Oil Storage Facility with Water-curtaining System during Construction Phase[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2015, 37(6): 1057-1067.(in Chinese))
[2] 秦之勇, 高锡敏. 我国水封石洞油库研究现状及思考[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2019, 36(5): 141-148. (QIN Zhi-yong, GAO Xi-min. Research Status and Thinking about Underground Oil Storage in Rock Caverns in China[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2019, 36(5): 141-148.(in Chinese))
[3] 冯树荣, 蒋中明, 张金龙, 等. 地下水封石油洞库水封准则研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2014, 36(5): 886-891. (FENG Shu-rong, JIANG Zhong-ming, ZHANG Jin-long, et al. Water Sealing Criteria for Underground Oil Storage in Unlined Rock Caverns[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2014, 36(5): 886-891.(in Chinese))
[4] YAMAMOTO H, PRUESS K. Numerical Simulations of Leakage from Underground LPG Storage Caverns[D]. Berkeley: University of California, 2004.
[5] JAVADI M, SAYADI S. Stochastic Discontinuum Analysis of Hydrocarbon Migration Probability Around an Unlined Rock Cavern Based on the Discrete Fracture Networks[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2018,81:41-54.
[6] LIU W, ZHANG Z, FAN J, et al. Research on Gas Leakage and Collapse in the Cavern Roof of Underground Natural Gas Storage in Thinly Bedded Salt Rocks[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2020,31:101669.
[7] CHEN X, LI Y, JIANG Y, et al. Theoretical Research on Gas Seepage in the Formations Surrounding Bedded Gas Storage Salt Cavern[J]. Petroleum Science, 2022, 19(4): 1766-1778.
[8] 时洪斌.黄岛地下水封洞库水封条件和围岩稳定性分析与评价[D].北京:北京交通大学,2010.(SHI Hong-bin.Analysis and Evaluation of Water Seal Condition and Surrounding Rock Stability for Huangdao Water Sealed Underground Petroleum Storage Caverns in Rock[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2010.(in Chinese))
[9] LU M. Rock Engineering Problems Related to Underground Hydrocarbon Storage[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 2010,2(4):289-297.
[10]LI Z, WANG K, WANG A, et al. Experimental Study of Water Curtain Performance for Gas Storage in an Underground Cavern[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 2009,1(1):89-96.
[11]ABERG B. Prevention of Gas Leakage From Unlined Reservoirs in Rock[C]∥Storage in Excavated Rock Caverns: Rockstore 77 Proceedings of the First International Symposium. Stockholm, September 5-8, 1977: 399-413.
[12]GOODALL D C, ABERG B, BREKKE T L. Fundamentals of Gas Containment in Unlined Rock Caverns[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 1988, 21(4): 235-258.
[13]王敬奎,吴振营,徐 佳,等.地下水封石洞油库设置水幕系统必要性研究[J].长江科学院院报,2014,31(1):110-113.(WANG Jing-kui,WU Zhen-ying, XU Jia,et al. Necessity of Water Curtain for Water-sealed Underground Oil Storage Cavern[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2014,31(1):110-113.(in Chinese))
[14]LINDBLOM U E, GOODALL D C, BREKKE T L. Underground Bulk Storage of Hydrogen in Mined Caverns[R]. California: Department of Civil Engineering, University of California, 1984.
[15]谭忠盛, 万姜林, 张振刚. 地下水封式液化石油气储藏洞库修建技术[J]. 土木工程学报, 2006, 39(6): 88-93, 99. (TAN Zhong-sheng, WAN Jiang-lin, ZHANG Zhen-gang. Construction Technology of Underground Water-seal Liquefied Petroleum Gas Storage[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2006, 39(6): 88-93, 99.(in Chinese))
[16]LI S,WANG Z,PING Y,et al. Discrete Element Analysis of Hydro-mechanical Behavior of a Pilot Underground Crude Oil Storage Facility in Granite in China[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2014,40:75-84.
[17]杨 荣, 胡 成, 陈 刚, 等. 水幕系统对地下水封洞库藏品安全的影响分析[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2018, 45(1): 30-37. (YANG Rong, HU Cheng, CHEN Gang, et al. An Analysis of the Impact of the Water Curtain System on the Safety of an Underground Water-sealed Cavern[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2018, 45(1): 30-37.(in Chinese))
[18]郭得福,陈 刚,党 娜.多相流地下水封液化石油洞库水幕系统的性能评价[J].油气储运,2020,39(9):1002-1011.(GUO De-fu,CHEN Gang,DANG Na.Performance Assessment on Water Curtain System for Multiphase Flow Water-sealed Underground Liquefied Petroleum Storage Caverns[J]. Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation,2020,39(9):1002-1011.(in Chinese))
[19]UEDA A, OZAWA A, KUSAKABE Y, et al. Geochemical Monitoring of Deionized Seawater Injected Underground during Construction of an LPG Rock Cavern in Namikata, Japan, for the Safety Water Curtain System[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2021, 80(22): 744.
[20]BROOKS R H, COREY A T. Properties of Porous Media Affecting Fluid Flow[J]. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, 1966,92(2):61-88.
[21]张 彬,李卫明,封 帆,等.基于COMSOL的地下水封油库围岩流固耦合特征模拟研究[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(5):789-795.(ZHANG Bin,LI Wei-ming,FENG Fan,et al.Numerical Simulation for Fluid-solid Coupling Characteristics in Surrounding Rock of Underground Water-sealed Oil Storage Based[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(5):789-795.(in Chinese))
[22]马秀媛,张 立,苏 强,等.大型地下水封石油洞库水幕系统优化设计研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(3):776-782,882.(MA Xiu-yuan, ZHANG Li, SU Qiang, et al. Optimum Design Research on Water Curtain System in Large Underground Water-sealed Oil Storage Cavern[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2016, 37(3): 776-782, 882.(in Chinese))
[23]RAVANDI E G, RAHMANNEJAD R, KARIMI-NASAB S, et al. Application of Numerical Modelling and Genetic Programming in Hydrocarbon Seepage Prediction and Control for Crude Oil Storage Unlined Rock Caverns[J]. Geofluids, 2017, Doi: 10.1155/2017/6803294.
[24]GB/T 50455—2020, 地下水封石洞油库设计标准[S]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2020. (GB/T 50455—2020, Standard for Design of Underground Oil Storage in Rock Caverns[S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2020. (in Chinese))
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52109112);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ30606);湖南省水利科技项目(XSKJ2019081-53,XSKJ2021000-25);长沙理工大学研究生科研创新项目(CX2021SS40)
PDF(2502 KB)
