为研究怒江真核浮游生物群落的多样性,于2020年11月在怒江干流约2 000 km的区域布设了35个样点进行样品采集,基于18S rRNA分子标记进行宏条形码分析,探究了真核浮游生物群落的空间分布差异及其对环境因子的响应。测序共得到1 320个操作分类单元(OTU),涵盖了真核浮游生物群落共34门302属。β多样性显示怒江的真核浮游生物群落能够随海拔梯度的变化明显分为高海拔(4 000 m以上)、中海拔(1 000~4 000 m)和低海拔(1 000 m以下)3个分组,组间差异大于组内差异。不同海拔真核浮游生物的α多样性显示,表征物种丰富度的Chao1指数、表征群落均匀度的Pielou指数、表征群落整体多样性的Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数均随着海拔的升高呈降低趋势,说明海拔的升高会影响真核浮游生物的多样性。在不同海拔的群落组成差异上,纤毛虫门和绿藻门的物种相对丰度随着海拔的降低而升高,主要富集于低海拔区域;硅藻门物种是相对丰度最高的物种,主要富集于中海拔区域;节肢动物门的物种相对丰度随着海拔的降低而降低,主要富集于高海拔区域。环境影响因素上,怒江pH值和电导率随纬度的降低而降低,水温、溶解氧、流速和浊度随纬度的降低而升高,海拔、水温和流速是显著影响怒江真核浮游生物群落分布的环境因子。
Abstract
To explore the diversity of eukaryotic plankton in Nujiang River, water samples were collected from 35 locations in November 2020. The sampling area covers over 1 000 kilometers of Nujiang River. Metabarcoding technology was used to study the spatial distribution of eukaryotic plankton and its response to environmental factors based on 18S rRNA gene. Overall, 1 320 OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Unit) were obtained from the samples. The eukaryotic plankton species detected in these samples cover 34 phyla and 302 genera. According to β diversity, the eukaryotic community can be divided into three groups, namely, high altitude (above 4 000 m), middle altitude (between 1 000 m and 4 000 m), and low altitude (below 1000 m), and the difference among the groups is larger than that within the groups. The Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index which refelct the diversity of the community, Pielou's evenness index which indicates the evenness of community, and Chao1 index which characterize the abundance of community, all decrease as altitude increases, meaning a higher altitude will affect the diversity of eukaryotic plankton. To analyze the community composition, we compared the relative abundance of different species at phylum level. The result show that Ciliophora and Chlorophyta are enriched in low altitude area, rising with the decline of altitude; Bacillariophyta, the most abundant species, are enriched in middle altitude area; Arthropoda are enriched in high altitude area, reducing with the decling of altitude. For the environmental impact, the result showed pH value and conductivity decrease as altitude decreases. Water temperature, DO (Dissolved Oxygen), FV (Flow Velocity) and Turb (Turbidity) decrease as altitude increases. Altitude, water temperature and flow velocity are the key environmental factors for the distribution of eukaryotic community in Nujiang River Basin.
关键词
真核浮游生物 /
18S rRNA /
海拔梯度 /
环境因子 /
怒江
Key words
eukaryotic plankton /
18s rRNA /
altitude gradient /
environmental factors /
Nujiang River
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基金
云南省重点研发计划项目(2019BC002);华能集团总部科技项目(HNKJ18-H23)
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