长江科学院院报 ›› 2018, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 63-67.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20171175

• 水力学 • 上一篇    下一篇

坝体溃决过程与溃坝洪水演进耦合数值模拟

姜治兵, 崔丹, 程子兵   

  1. 长江科学院 水力学研究所, 武汉 430010
  • 收稿日期:2017-06-23 出版日期:2018-05-01 发布日期:2018-06-16
  • 作者简介:姜治兵(1978-),男,湖北天门人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事水工水力学和计算水力学方面的研究。E-mail:zhibingj@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(51209007)

Numerical Simulation Coupling Dam Break Process and Flood Routing

JIANG Zhi-bing, CUI Dan, CHENG Zi-bing   

  1. Hydraulic Research Department, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
  • Received:2017-06-23 Online:2018-05-01 Published:2018-06-16

摘要: 研究坝体的溃决过程与溃坝洪水演进对于处置由溃坝引起的洪水灾害、提升水利安全具有重要的意义。鉴于目前大多模型均将坝体溃决过程与溃坝洪水演进分别进行模拟,不能反映土体与水流相互耦合的特点,模拟结果精度有限。基于对土体有限抗冲能力的考虑,选取双曲线型冲蚀速率表达式描述坝体冲蚀、采用简化Bishop法搜索临界滑裂面描述溃口边坡坍塌和具有总变差不增特性的MacCormack有限体积法离散控制方程,建立了坝体溃决过程与溃坝洪水演进耦合的平面二维数值模型。实际算例表明模型合理地模拟了溃口的发展过程与洪水演进过程,在溃口急缓流转换区展现了较强稳定性,守恒性良好,可作为溃坝洪水风险评估与洪灾预报的有力工具。

关键词: 坝体溃决过程, 洪水演进, 数值模拟, 耦合, 守恒性, 有限体积

Abstract: The study of dam break process and dam break flood routing is of great significance for dealing with flood disasters caused by dam break and improving water security. Most models at present could not reflect the interaction between soil and water flow by only simulating dam break process or flood routing, hence resulting in a limited accuracy. In this article, a 2-D numerical model coupling dam break process and flood routing was established in consideration of the finite erosion resistance of soil. The erosion rate expressions of hyperbolic type was employed to describe the rate of dam erosion; simplified Bishop method was adopted to search the critical slip surface for describing slope collapse at breach; and the Mac-Cormack finite volume method with total variation diminishing was adopted to discrete the control equations. A computation example demonstrates that the model could reasonably simulate the process of breach development and the flood routing process with strong stability and good conservativeness in breach transition zone from rapid flow to slow flow. The model can be used as a powerful tool for flood risk assessment and flood disaster forecast.

Key words: dam break process, flood routing, numerical simulation, coupling, conservativeness, finite volume

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