深埋隧洞穿高压富水断层涌水突泥分析与处置技术

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20240694

长江科学院院报 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 149-156.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20240694

深埋隧洞穿高压富水断层涌水突泥分析与处置技术

李建贺¹(), 牛利敏¹, 王帅²(), 许然¹, 陈培³

¹ 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司水利部水网工程与调度重点实验室, 武汉 430010
² 武汉工程大学土木工程与建筑学院, 武汉 430205
³ 云南省滇中引水工程建设管理局大理分局,云南大理 671000

收稿日期:2024-07-01 修回日期:2024-08-14 出版日期:2024-10-01 发布日期:2024-10-25
通讯作者: 王帅(1986-),男,安徽六安人,副教授,博士,主要从事工程岩体稳定性评价研究。E-mail: 51658751@qq.com
作者简介:
李建贺(1989-),男,河北邯郸人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事引调水工程设计与科研攻关。E-mail: jianhe_001@126.com
基金资助:
水利部重大科技项目(SKS-2022103); 云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202002AF080003); 长江设计集团自主创新项目(CX2021Z01)

Management Technology for Water and Mud Inrush in Deeply Buried Tunnel Crossing High-pressure Water-rich Faults

LI Jian-he¹(), NIU Li-min¹, WANG Shuai²(), XU Ran¹, CHEN Pei³

¹ Key Laboratory of Water Grid Project and Regulation of Ministry of Water Resources, Changjiang Survey Planning Design and Research Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430010, China
² School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
³ Dali Branch of Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project Construction Management Bureau, Dali 671000, China

Received:2024-07-01 Revised:2024-08-14 Published:2024-10-01 Online:2024-10-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对隧洞穿越高压富水断层涌水突泥破坏性强、可灌性差的难题,以滇中引水工程香炉山隧洞过大栗树断裂次级断层涌水突泥灾害治理为例,通过分析隧洞涌水突泥洞段的地质特征、灾害过程与成因,提出了超前钻探、超前灌浆、超前泄压、超前支护组合处置对策。针对隧洞下半断面围岩碎粉含量高、阻止浆液扩散导致注浆效果不佳的问题,提出了置换式注浆加固技术,即注浆孔分A孔、B孔,通过A孔注浆,B孔泄压并冲出岩粉的方式进行注浆,以利于岩粉排出和浆液扩散,成功解决了香炉山隧洞DLI3+681.5涌水突泥灾害治理技术难题。研究成果对类似地质条件下隧洞涌水突泥灾害治理提供参考。

关键词: 深埋隧洞, 富水断层, 涌水突泥, 处置对策, 置换式注浆加固技术, 灾害治理

Abstract:

Water and mud inrush in tunnels crossing high-pressure water-rich faults is highly destructive with low groutability. To address this challenge, we examined the geological characteristics, disaster processes, and causes associated with water and mud inrush in the Xianglushan Tunnel of Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project as a case study. We propose a combined management strategy consisting of drilling, grouting, pressure relief, and support all in advance. To tackle the high content of fine powder in the surrounding rock of the tunnel’s lower half section, which impedes the diffusion of grouting slurry, we introduce a replacement grouting reinforcement technique. This technique involves dividing the grouting holes into top holes and back (or horizontal) holes. Grout is injected through the top holes, while pressure is released through the back or horizontal holes to flush out rock powder. This approach facilitates the removal of rock powder and improves slurry diffusion. Our method successfully resolves the water and mud inrush disaster in DLI3+681.5 section of Xianglushan Tunnel. The research findings offer valuable insights for managing water and mud inrush disasters in tunnels with similar geological conditions.

Key words: deeply buried tunnel, water-rich fault, water and mud inrush, management measures, replacement grouting reinforcement technology, disaster management

中图分类号:

TV22水工勘测水工设计

李建贺, 牛利敏, 王帅, 许然, 陈培. 深埋隧洞穿高压富水断层涌水突泥分析与处置技术[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2024, 41(10): 149-156.

LI Jian-he, NIU Li-min, WANG Shuai, XU Ran, CHEN Pei. Management Technology for Water and Mud Inrush in Deeply Buried Tunnel Crossing High-pressure Water-rich Faults[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2024, 41(10): 149-156.

图/表 18

表1 典型隧洞(道)涌水突泥灾害

Table 1 Water and mud inrush disasters in typical tunnels

工程名称	涌水突泥灾害情况
大柱山隧道	困难洞段26个月只掘进156 m,涌水量达1.5亿m³,足够灌满10个西湖
贵南客专朝阳隧道	“6·10”涌水突泥事件:涌水量约10万m³,造成3人遇难
渝怀铁路圆梁山隧道	共发生涌水突泥71次,最大涌水量达72 000 m³/h
鄂北水资源配置工程宝林隧洞	抢排洞内积水淤泥5 200余m³,6名施工人员遇难
宜万铁路马鹿箐隧道	2004—2008年共发生19次涌水突泥,导致15人死亡,工期延误超过2 a
他白依隧道	进口右幅K63+035—K63+050段突泥量4 500 m³,初支坍塌,洞身被封堵,地表裂缝开裂加剧
鹤剑兰高速公路隧道	2022年7月29日发生较大涌水突泥事故,造成4人死亡、4人受伤,直接经济损失约2 508万元
珠海市石景山隧道	因下穿水库时遭遇富水花岗岩风化深槽产生重大透水事故,造成14人死亡
香炉山隧洞	香炉山4^#、5^#支洞碎粉岩涌水突泥淹没挖掘机及钢模台车,严重制约工程进度

图1 香炉山5#支洞突涌水

Fig.1 Water inrush in the No. 5 branch of Xianglushan Tunnel

图2 涌水突泥洞段地质剖面

Fig.2 Geological profile of the tunnel section with water and mud inrush

图3 垮塌围岩垂直擦痕

Fig.3 Vertical abrasion of collapsed surrounding rock

图4 垮塌围岩挤压及泥化现象

Fig.4 Extrusion and mudding of collapsed surrounding rock

图5 涌水突泥中携带的细颗粒物质

Fig.5 Fine particulate matter carried by surging water

图6 距离掌子面200 m隧洞积水情况

Fig.6 Water accumulation at 200 m from the working face of the tunnel

图7 隧洞掌子面突泥体堆积情况

Fig.7 Accumulation of mud inrush on the working face of the tunnel

图8 止浆墙掌子面前方30 m揭示地质信息平面简图

Fig.8 Sketch of geological information revealed 30 m in front of the working face of the slurry-stop wall

图9 前方2条断层揭示破碎带物质

Fig.9 Fracture zone materials revealed in two front faults

图10 泄水孔高压喷水,喷射距离达30 m以上

Fig.10 High-pressure water spraying from drainholes with a spraying distance over 30 m

图11 突泥涌水灾害治理流程

Fig.11 Flowchart of water and mud inrush disaster management

图12 第一阶段治理方案简图

Fig.12 Sketch of the first phase of management program

图13 DLI3+670处钻孔灌浆布置示意图

Fig.13 Schematic diagram of drilled grouting arrangement at DLI3+670

图14 混凝土底板漏浆现象示意图

Fig.14 Slurry leakage at concrete footing

图15 第1阶段超前注浆效果示意图

Fig.15 Schematic diagram of the result of the first phase advanced grouting

图16 下半断面置换式注浆示意图

Fig.16 Schematic diagram of the replacement grouting in the lower half section

图17 超前灌浆后钻孔摄像

Fig.17 Borehole photograph after advanced grouting

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深埋隧洞穿高压富水断层涌水突泥分析与处置技术

Management Technology for Water and Mud Inrush in Deeply Buried Tunnel Crossing High-pressure Water-rich Faults

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