离心模拟技术正式登上岩土工程舞台已有半个多世纪了。由于它具有真实地再现工程实际应力水平的独特优点，因此成为岩土工程性状模拟的重要手段，具有不可替代的地位。首先介绍了离心模拟技术的原理和优缺点、主要用途，以及发展简史。然后，较具体地叙述了我国近年在边坡和土石坝工程、基坑和地下工程、软基工程、加筋挡墙、抗震工程、海洋与港口工程等常见的土工工程中若干成功的应用实例，同时也介绍了利用离心机解决岩土工程研究中疑难课题的一些新鲜经验，如深水抛填料密度、冻土工程、爆炸与地震海啸模拟、污染物的迁移、岩石力学研究等。最后对离心模拟技术的进一步发展作了展望。
Abstract
Centrifugal modeling technology has been applied to geotechnical engineering for more than half a century. It has been an important and indispensible means to simulate the geotechnical behavior because it can reflect the actual stress level. In this paper, the principle, advantages and deficiencies, as well as the main applications and history of centrifugal modeling technology are reviewed. Successful application examples in common engineering structures including soil slope, earth rock dam, deep foundation pit, underground structure, soft foundation treatment, reinforced structure with geosynthetics, antiseismic engineering, ocean platform, and harbor engineering are described in details. Moreover, experiences of using centrifuge in solving geotechnical research problems are presented, such as the dumping density of weathered sand in deep water, frozen soil engineering, blasting and earthquake and tsunami simulation, pollutant transport, and rock mechanics. Finally, the future development of centrifuge in China is also presented.
关键词
岩土工程 /
工程预测 /
离心模型试验 /
离心模拟技术 /
发展与展望
Key words
geotechnical engineering /
engineering prediction /
centrifugal model test /
centrifugal modeling technology /
development and prospect
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