土石坝稳定分析和溃坝机理研究具有重要的工程意义。离心模型试验通过离心力模拟重力,实现了模型试验应力与原型应力相等,是研究土石坝变形破坏过程的重要手段。围绕小型土坝在管涌工况下变形及溃决的特征和影响因素开展研究。在改进原有的溃坝离心模型试验设备的基础上,进行了一系列有软弱通道土坝溃决的离心模型试验。试验结果表明有软弱通道坝体的溃决过程为:首先管涌通道形成并逐渐贯通,然后下部坝体逐渐冲蚀,同时上部坝体塌陷或塌落,最后整个坝体溃决。管涌通道贯通是坝体发生溃决的重要影响因素,甚至可能是其发生的先决条件。
Abstract
Stability analysis and failure mechanism of earth dam are of important engineering significance. By using centrifugal force to simulate gravity, centrifuge model test has effectively solved the problem of stress equality in model test. As a result, centrifuge model test has been an important means to investigate the deformation and failure process of earth dam. This article focuses on the deformation and failure behavior of earth dams under piping condition. Centrifuge model tests on failure of earth dam with weak layer were conducted based on improving the previous equipment. Test results show that the process of the failure of earth dam with weak layer is as follows: a piping channel forms gradually at first, and in subsequence, the lower dam is washed away gradually, and upper dam collapses in the meantime, and the whole dam breaks in the end. The breakthrough of the piping channel is an important influential factor, and even could be the prerequisite of dam failure.
关键词
软弱通道 /
土坝 /
离心模型试验 /
溃坝 /
变形
Key words
weak layer /
earth dam /
centrifuge modeling /
dam failure /
deformation
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