三峡工程的运行极大减轻了荆江的防洪压力,同时改变了河段水沙条件,导致荆江持续发生剧烈冲淤变化。荆江陈家湾—突起洲段为典型微弯分汊河型,滩槽格局调整、主支汊易位将直接影响航道运行和防洪安排。基于三峡工程运行前后长系列水文与河道原型观测资料,揭示河段水沙变化与河床冲淤响应特征,分析河道形态尺度年际变化过程,总结河道演变规律及趋势。结果表明:三峡工程运行后,沙市站平均年输沙量下降85%,河床冲刷3.1亿m3。以太平口—三八滩汊道段滩槽变化最为剧烈,主流走势由北转南。2011年后,三八滩与腊林洲边滩守护工程基本遏制了“太平口心滩南槽南靠、三八滩南汊北提”趋势,但该段河床随即再次调整,近期又表现出“南槽北扩、南汊南扩”的新情势。同时,由于三八滩南汊发育、北汊分流比降低,北汊长江大桥下的通航问题日益突显,如何解决碍航问题,仍需进一步开展研究。
Abstract
The operation of the Three Gorges Project has significantly alleviated flood control pressures on the Jingjiang River and altered water and sediment dynamics along its course, leading to continuous and substantial erosion and sedimentation changes in the river. The Chenjiawan-Tuqi sandbar reach in the Jingjiang River represents a prototypical gently curved braided channel, where adjustments to the beach and primary branch patterns directly impact channel operations and flood mitigation measures. By analyzing long-term hydrological data and channel topography prototype observations before and after Three Gorges Project operation, we revealed the variations in water and sediment transport within the reach and the riverbed’s responses to erosion and sediment deposition. Furthermore, we examined the interannual morphological changes and scales of the channel,and summarized its evolving regularities and trends. Results indicated an 85% reduction in average annual sediment transport at Shashi Station after Three Gorges Project operation, with an erosion of 310 million cubic meters of riverbed material. The most pronounced beach changes occurred from Taiping estuary sandbar to Sanba sandbar braided reach, prompting a shift in the main flow direction from north to south. Subsequent to the 2011 implementation of the Sanba sandbar and Lalin sandbar beach protection project, the trend of “southward movement of Taiping Estuary sandbar south of the main channel and northward movement of Sanba sandbar south branch” has been largely mitigated. However, ongoing adjustments in this river section have resulted in a new pattern characterized by “northward expansion of the south deep trough and southward expansion of the south branch”. The increasing development along the south branch of the Sanba sandbar and reduced diversion ratio on the north branch have raised navigation concerns near the Yangtze River Bridge. Further investigations are necessary to address the navigation obstruction effectively.
关键词
河道演变 /
冲淤分析 /
三峡工程 /
分汊河段 /
荆江
Key words
channel evolution /
deposition-scouring analysis /
Three Gorges Project /
braided reach /
Jingjiang River
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基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3201801,2022YFC3201804)
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