生态基流是河流生态系统健康稳定的关键,对于水资源缺乏的干旱区内陆河流尤为重要。以昆仑山北麓克里雅河、尼雅河与车尔臣河3条典型季节性内陆河为研究对象,选取1978—2014年流域水文数据,利用QP法、Tennant法、近10 a最枯月平均流量法和Texas法4种水文学方法,计算确定河流生态基流并据此分析其时空分异特征与影响因素。结果表明:Tennant法更适合昆仑山北麓河流生态基流计算。从时间变化来看,3条河生态基流年内最大值均出现在7月份,最小值均出现在1月份;年生态基流最大值均出现在2010年左右,最小值在1980年前后,分别以1.378、0.653、3.066 m3/s·(10 a)-1的速度增加。3条河流生态基流空间分布,春季表现为车尔臣河>克里雅河>尼雅河,夏季和秋季均表现为克里雅河>车尔臣河>尼雅河,且同一河流波动变化明显,不同河流之间变化差异不显著(p>0.05)。影响生态基流年内时空差异的主要因素分别是气温、降水和人类活动,其中以车尔臣河流域气温、降水与生态基流的相关性最强,相关系数r分别为0.876、0.917。考虑生态基流时空分布与流域气候变化特征,综合提出3条河流年内各月生态基流管控目标。研究结果可为昆仑山北麓河流生态保护与水资源管理调度提供参考。
Abstract
Ecological base flow plays a pivotal role in maintaining the health and stability of river ecosystems, especially in inland arid areas that lack sufficient water resources. This study focuses on three representative seasonal inland rivers, namely the Kriya River, Niya River, and Qarqan River, located on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains. By analyzing hydrological data from 1978 to 2014, we employed four hydrological methods, including the QP method, Tennant method, the Texas method and others to calculate and determine the ecological base flow values of the three rivers. Furthermore, we investigated their spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics and influencing factors. The results indicate that the Tennant method is more suitable for calculating the ecological base flow in the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains. In terms of temporal variation, the maximum monthly flow values for all three rivers occurred in July, while the minimum values in January. The interannual maximum flow was observed in near 2010, whereas the minimum value recorded in near 1980,increasing at rates of 1.378 m3/s·(10 a)-1,0.653 m3/s·(10 a)-1,and 3.066 m3/s·(10 a)-1,respectively, for the three rivers. Regarding spatial distribution, the Qarqan River exhibits the highest flow rate in spring, followed by the Kriya River, and then the Niya River. In summer and autumn, the ranking changes to Kriya River,Qarqan River,and Niya River in descending order.Despite evident fluctuations in the same river, the differences in changes between different rivers are not significant (p>0.05). The primary factors influencing the temporal and spatial differences in ecological base flow are temperature, precipitation, and human activities. Among these factors, the Qarqan River Basin demonstrates the strongest correlation between temperature, precipitation, and ecological base flow, with correlation coefficients r=0.876 and r=0.917,respectively.Taking into account the spatial and temporal distribution of ecological base flow and the characteristics of climate change in the basin, we propose comprehensive management and control objectives for each month in a year for the three rivers. The findings can serve as a valuable reference for river ecological restoration, as well as water resources management and allocation on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountain.
关键词
生态基流 /
时空特征 /
Tennant法 /
管控目标 /
昆仑山北麓
Key words
ecological base flow /
temporal and spatial differentiation /
Tennant method /
objectives of control /
northern slope of Kunlun Mountains
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基金
新疆水利科技专项(XSKJ-2022-21);国家自然科学基金项目(41961002)
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