流域内蒸散特征及其变化原因对于保持能量平衡和水循环有关键作用。基于MOD16遥感数据集,分析东江流域地表蒸散发年际和年内的时空分布规律以及不同土地覆被类型的地表蒸散发时空特征。结果表明:①东江流域蒸散值(ET)整体呈中游>下游>上游的态势,而潜在蒸散发值(PET)呈下游>中游>上游的趋势。②10 a中,ET值波动较小,而PET值则相对波动较大,二者在2014年后均有增加趋势。③年内各月ET呈单峰型,ET值较高的月份集中在5—10月,最高月份在9月,ET值较低的月份集中在12月—次年2月,最低月份为2月;其次,流域内四季的ET均值表现为秋季>夏季>春季>冬季。④不同土地利用类型下,年尺度上,ET表现为裸地>耕地>城市用地>草地>林地;PET表现为城市用地>耕地>草地>林地>裸地;月尺度上,ET与年尺度基本一致,且冬季ET变异系数较高,夏季较低;在林地,四季ET的变异系数均较低,离散程度小。研究结果为预防东江流域的旱涝灾害提供理论依据。
Abstract
Evapotranspiration plays a key role in maintaining the energy balance and water circulation in a basin. On the basis of MOD16 remote sensing dataset, we analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of surface evapotranspiration in Dongjiang River Basin on inter-annual and annual scales, and researched the temporal and spatial characteristics of surface evapotranspiration of different land cover types. Results illustrated that: (1) The amount of evapotranspiration (ET) in the midstream of Dongjiang River Basin is larger than that in the downstream and the upstream in sequence, while the amount of potential evapotranspiration (PET) follows the order of downstream > midstream > upstream. (2) On inter-annual (one decade) scale, ET fluctuates little, whereas PET fluctuates remarkably, both presenting rising trends after 2014. (3) On annual scale, ET displays a single peak, mounting to the top in September and concentrating in May-October, while dropping to the valley in February and remaining low from December to next February. The mean value of ET in Autumn is the largest, followed by that in Summer, Spring, and Winter in sequence. (4) In terms of land use types, the annual ET on bare land is the largest, followed by cultivated field, urban area, grassland, and woodland in sequence, while PET shows an order of urban area > cultivated field > grassland > woodland > bare land. The monthly ET has a same regularity in general. In winter, the coefficient of variation of ET is high and in summer is low. The coefficient of variation of ET on woodland is low and the degree of dispersion is small. The research results are of great significance for the prevention of drought and waterlogging in the Dongjiang River Basin.
关键词
地表蒸散发 /
东江流域 /
时空特征 /
MOD16 /
ET /
PET
Key words
surface evapotranspiration /
Dongjiang River Basin /
temporal and spatial characteristics /
MOD16 /
ET /
PET
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