矿物加工过程产生的尾矿是主要的全球性环境问题之一。这些尾矿在环境中积累,会对周边地区造成重金属污染。为探讨尾矿在混凝土中的再利用,以铜矿尾矿部分替代水泥应用于混凝土的制备中,对制备的混凝土试样进行抗压强度、抗氯离子渗透性能、固体废弃物毒性浸出(TCLP)和X射线衍射(XRD)测试。结果表明:试样抗压强度随铜矿尾矿置换率的增加而降低,且早期抗压强度损失较大。龄期为28 d时,与普通混凝土相比,铜矿尾矿置换率10%~40%的试样抗氯离子渗透能力提高,而置换率50%~60%时降低,当龄期增加到90 d时,含铜矿尾矿试样的抗氯离子渗透能力均提高。金属通过参与水泥反应,以金属氢氧化物的形式沉淀或存在于水泥晶体中进一步稳定,所有含铜矿尾矿试样中重金属的浸出质量浓度均低于标准限值。
Abstract
Tailings, a byproduct of mineral processing, pose a significant global environmental issue. These waste materials accumulate and contaminate the surrounding areas with heavy metals. To explore the possibility of reusing tailings in concrete, we selected copper mine tailings as a partial substitute for cement in concrete preparation, and performed tests on concrete samples to assess the compressive strength, resistance to chloride ion penetration, Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The findings revealed a substantial loss of early compressive strength, and also a decline of compressive strength with higher replacement rates of copper tailings. At the age of 28 days, compared to ordinary concrete, samples containing 10%-40% copper mine tailings exhibited improved resistance to chloride ion penetration, whereas those with 50%-60% copper mine tailings displayed a decrease. However, at the age of 90 days, the resistance to chloride ion penetration of all tailings samples improved. This improvement can be attributed to the participation of copper mine tailings in cement reactions, resulting in the stabilization of metals through metal hydroxide precipitation or their presence within cement crystals. Moreover, the leaching rate of heavy metals in all copper mine tailings samples was within standard limit.
关键词
铜矿尾矿 /
抗压强度 /
氯离子渗透性 /
TCLP /
XRD
Key words
copper mine tailings /
compressive strength /
chloride ion penetration /
TCLP /
XRD
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