长江科学院院报 ›› 2019, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (10): 11-18.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20191016

• 专辑特约稿 • 上一篇    下一篇

欧美国家堤防防洪若干特点及与我国的比较

邬爱清, 周华敏, 吴庆华   

  1. 长江科学院 水利部岩土力学与工程重点实验室, 武汉 430010
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-19 出版日期:2019-10-01 发布日期:2019-10-21
  • 作者简介:邬爱清(1963-),男,湖北安陆人,教授级高级工程师,博士,主要从事水利水电工程岩土力学与工程、 水库滑坡及堤防防灾减灾研究。E-mail:wuaq@mail.crsri.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1502600)

Levees in Europe and United States:Characteristics and Comparison with China

WU Ai-qing, ZHOU Hua-min, WU Qing-hua   

  1. Key Laboratory Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of Ministry of Water Resources,Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
  • Received:2019-08-19 Online:2019-10-01 Published:2019-10-21

摘要: 我国是世界上洪水灾害最严重的国家之一。堤防工程是抵御洪水灾害的重要措施,对促进人类与自然和谐发展具有重要的战略意义。系统阐述了欧美主要国家与中国的堤防工程及其防洪基本情况,重点从堤防概况及其防洪效益、堤防安全标准与堤防工程建设投资、法律规范与堤防管理、堤防工程日常养护与应急抢险等工程与非工程措施的角度,分析总结欧美国家堤防防洪具有安全标准高、法律管理体系完善、洪水风险转移措施多元化等特点。结合我国堤防防洪实际情况,建议我国应从堤防安全标准、堤防险情演化机理、法规管理、预警与应急抢险技术水平等方面开展深入研究,以提升防汛减灾综合实力。

关键词: 堤防工程, 防洪效益, 堤防管理, 堤防安全标准, 堤防工程建设, 应急抢险

Abstract: China is one of the countries with the most severe flood disasters in the world. As an important measure to resist flood disaster, levee project is of strategic significance to the harmonious development of human and nature. In this paper we introduced systematically the basic situations of levee projects in China, Europe and the United States, and emphasized on the characteristics of flood risk and flood protection value, the safety standards and levee project construction, the legislation and management of levee, the daily maintenance and emergency rescue, and other engineering and non-engineering measures. Levee and flood defence in Europe and US are characterized by high safety standards, perfect legal management system and diversified flood risk transfer measures. Research on levee safety standard, risk evolvement mechanism, legislation,levee management , early warning and emergency rescue technology should be deepened in future to enhance the comprehensive strength of flood control and disaster reduction in China.

Key words: levee project, flood protected value, levee management, levee safety standard, levee project construction, emergency rescue

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