气候变化改变了水稻的耗水过程和灌溉需水。基于高邮灌区历史气象资料(1955—2013年),利用稻田水量平衡和MK检验方法,分析了不同灌溉模式下稻田耗水与灌溉需水量的变化。结果表明:高邮灌区水稻全生育期积温随时间序列显著增加,而降雨量略有减少,但趋势不明显;不同灌溉模式下水稻需水量ETc和渗漏量均随时间序列缓慢增加;节水灌溉模式能有效降低稻田耗水量;节水灌溉稻田灌溉需水量随时间序列缓慢降低,而常规灌溉稻田呈增加趋势,但趋势均不明显;节水灌溉模式能够有效降低稻田灌溉需水量,提高降雨利用率。因此,节水灌溉能够有效缓解气候变化给水稻种植带来的不利影响,是变化环境下灌区可持续发展的重要技术措施。
Abstract
Climate change has brought about alteration in rice water consumption, and thus affected the demand for irrigation water in paddy field. In this study, the changes in rice water consumption and irrigation water demand from 1955 to 2013 in Gaoyou irrigation area under water-saving irrigation (WSI) and flood irrigation (FI) were investigated by means of water balance calculation in the paddy field and Mann-Kendall analysis. Results indicated that air temperature presented significant increasing trends during the past six decades, and rainfall presented slight decreasing trends. Rice evapotranspiration and percolation under WSI and FI both presented gradual increasing trends, but rice water consumption decreased significantly under WSI; irrigation water demand in paddy field declined gradually under WSI while increased slightly under FI. Moreover, precipitation utilization efficiency has remarkably improved under WSI regimes. We conclude that the adverse effects of climate change on rice production can be effectively mitigated by using WSI technology, which would be an important measure of sustainable development for irrigation areas under changing environment.
关键词
气候变化 /
节水灌溉 /
耗水量 /
灌溉需水量 /
水稻
Key words
climate change /
water-saving irrigation /
water consumption /
irrigation water demand /
paddy
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基金
“十三五”国家重点基础研发计划项目(2016YFC0400206-04);江苏省水利科技项目(2015089);长江科学院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(CKSF2015023/NS,CKSF2016039/NS)
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