长江科学院院报 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (7): 179-185.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20220806

• 长江源科学考察与研究专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于GEE云平台的三江源湖泊面积提取及动态变化

祁昌贤1, 任燕1,2,3, 彭海月1, 魏加华1,2,3,4, 王永强5, 李琼1,2,3   

  1. 1.青海大学 水利电力学院,西宁 810016;
    2.青海大学 三江源生态与高原农牧国家重点实验室,西宁 810016;
    3.青海大学黄河上游生态保护与高质量发展实验室,西宁 810016;
    4.清华大学 水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084;
    5.长江科学院 水资源综合利用研究所,武汉 430010
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-11 修回日期:2022-11-03 出版日期:2023-07-01 发布日期:2023-07-12
  • 通讯作者: 李 琼(1986-),女,甘肃渭源人,副教授,博士,研究方向为生态水文。E-mail: liqiong1118@126.com
  • 作者简介:祁昌贤(1998-),男,青海海东人,硕士研究生,研究方向为水文与水资源。E-mail: 1632404668@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省科技计划-重大科技专项(2021-SF-A6)

Extracting the Dynamic Change of Lake Area in the Three-River Headwaters Region Based on Google Earth Engine

QI Chang-xian1, REN Yan1,2,3, PENG Hai-yue1, WEI Jia-hua1,2,3,4, WANG Yong-qiang5, LI Qiong1,2,3   

  1. 1. School of Water Resources and Electric Power, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture in the Headwaters of Three Rivers, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
    3. Laboratory of Ecological Protection and High Quality Development in the Upper Yellow River, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
    4. State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
    5. Water Resources Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010, China
  • Received:2022-07-11 Revised:2022-11-03 Published:2023-07-01 Online:2023-07-12

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摘要： 基于GEE(Google Earth Engine)遥感云计算平台和Landsat TM、ETM+和OLI卫星影像数据,采用修正归一化水体指数(MNDWI)、归一化植被指数(NDVI)和增强植被指数(EVI)等多个指数的综合水体识别算法,提取三江源区1990—2020年大于1 km2的湖泊面积,结合气象、冰川编目、冻土分布等数据分析了湖泊面积变化及其影响因素。结果表明:1990年以来,三江源区湖泊增加了46个,湖泊面积从10 811.8 km2增加到12 449.53 km2,增长了15%;其中,黄河源区湖泊面积增长了10%,长江源区湖泊面积增长了29%,长江源区较黄河源湖泊面积增幅更明显。平均气温升高和降水量增加是湖泊面积增加的主要因素;气温升高导致冰川退缩和冻土退化,使得冰川补给型湖泊和冻土区湖泊面积增加更快,这就是长江源区湖泊增长更为明显的主因,而黄河源湖泊面积增长与降水变化联系更为紧密。

关键词: 三江源, GEE遥感云计算平台, 湖泊面积, 湖泊动态变化, 气候变化

Abstract: Based on Google Earth Engine (GEE) remote sensing cloud computing platform and Landsat TM, ETM+ and OLI satellite image data, a comprehensive water body identification algorithm with multiple indices such as Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) was used to extract the area of lakes larger than 1 km2 in the Three-River Headwaters region (source region of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, and the Lancang River) from 1990 to 2020. In association with meteorological, glacier cataloguing and permafrost distribution data, the changes of lake area along with their influencing factors were analyzed. The findings of the study reveal a 15% increase in the overall lake surface area from 10 811.8 km2 to 12 449.53 km2, with 46 new lakes in the Three Rivers area since 1990. Specifically, the increase in lake area differed across sources, with more visible changes observed in the Yangtze River source area (29%) compared to the Yellow River source area (10%). Rising average temperature and increased precipitation were identified as the primary factors behind the increase in lake area. Specifically, increasing temperature caused glacier retreat and permafrost degradation, resulting in a faster increase in the area of glacier-replenished lakes and lakes located in permafrost areas. Precipitation was more closely related to the increase of lake area in the Yellow River source area.

Key words: Three-Rivers Headwaters, GEE remote sensing cloud computing platform, lake area, dynamic changes of lake, climate change

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