长江科学院院报 ›› 2018, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 145-150.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20160828

• 信息技术应用 • 上一篇    下一篇

西藏近25 a湖泊变迁及其驱动力分析

刘佳丽1,2,3,周天财1,于 欢1,孙 建4   

  1. 1.成都理工大学 地球科学学院,成都 610059;
    2.中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都 610059;
    3.中国科学院大学, 北京 101407;
    4.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101
  • 收稿日期:2016-08-15 出版日期:2018-02-01 发布日期:2018-03-01
  • 通讯作者: 孙 建(1980-),男,内蒙古锡林郭勒盟人,副研究员,博士,主要从事高原环境格局与生态过程研究。E-mail:sunjian@igsnrr.a.cn
  • 作者简介:刘佳丽(1994-),女,四川成都人,博士研究生,主要从事遥感等方面的研究。E-mail:1466685400@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41501057)

Dynamics and Driving Forces of Lake Changes inTibet During the Past 25 Years

LIU Jia-li1,2,3, ZHOU Tian-cai1, YU Huan1, SUN Jian4   

  1. 1.School of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059 China;
    2.Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS, Chengdu 610059;
    3.University of Chinese Academyof Science, Beijing 101407, China;
    4. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101,China
  • Received:2016-08-15 Online:2018-02-01 Published:2018-03-01

摘要: 作为全球气候变化敏感区,分析气候变暖与经济发展背景下西藏湖面动态变化,对揭示区域环境演变特征与规律具有重要意义。基于1990—2015年Landsat遥感影像获取湖泊水域边界信息,分析近25 a西藏湖泊的时空分布及变化特征,结合气候因素与人为因素变化特征分析湖泊变化的主要驱动力,及湖泊变迁对气候的响应。结果表明:近25 a,西藏新增湖泊261个,总面积从24 161.1 km2增加到了30 549.2 km2。时间上,流域内湖泊总面积1990—1995年严重萎缩,1996—2006年迅速扩张,2007—2013年湖泊扩张速度减缓,降雨量、气温、蒸散发的变化趋势较好地反映了湖泊由萎缩到扩张的变化原因。空间上,不同地区湖泊变迁存在明显的空间差异:西藏中部地区温度和蒸散发相对较低,降雨量较大,湖泊面积扩张迅速;西藏北部地区温度偏高,降雨量少,蒸散发大,但温度升高加速冰川冻土融化成为湖泊扩张的可能因素;喜马拉雅山脉温度较高,蒸发量远大于降雨量,导致湖泊萎缩。人类活动加剧了当地对湖泊等水资源的需求,湖泊却呈扩张趋势,说明西藏地区的湖泊变迁主要受到气候因素的驱动。

关键词: 湖泊变迁, 西藏地区, 时空分布, 人为因素, 气候响应

Abstract: Analyzing the dynamic changes of lakes in Tibet, the world’s climate sensitive region, in the background of global warming and economic development, is of great significance to revealing the environment evolution features. According to the lake boundary information obtained by Landsat remote sensing images from 1990 to 2015, we analyzed the dynamic changes of spatial and temporal distribution of lakes in Tibet in the past 25 years. We also investigated into the main driving factors of lake change in terms of climate factor and human factor, and further analyzed the lake change in response to climate change. Results show that in the past 25 years, the number of lakes in Tibet has increased by 261 and the area of lakes has increased from 24 161.1 km2 to 30 549.2 km2. In temporal scale, lake area experienced a severe shrinkage in 1990-1995, and then expanded rapidly in 1996-2006; in 2007-2013, the expansion alleviated. The temporal transformation can be well reflected by precipitation, temperature, and evapotranspiration. In spatial scale, the variation of lake area differs apparently: in the middle of Tibet, low temperature and evapotranspiration as well as high precipitation gave rise to the rapid expansion of lake area; whereas in north Tibet, despite high temperature, low precipitation and large amount of evapotranspiration, the melting of glaciers and frozen soil caused by high temperature could be a possible factor of lake expansion; in the Himalayas, evapotranspiration far exceeding precipitation led to lake shrinkage. In addition, although human activities contributed to the local demand for lakes and other water resources, the area of lake has expanded, indicating that climate is a main driving factor of lake change in Tibet.

Key words: lake change, Tibet Autonomous Region, spatial and temporal distribution, human factors, climate response

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