激光粒度仪在特殊土颗粒分析试验中的应用

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20230682

长江科学院院报 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 123-129.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20230682

激光粒度仪在特殊土颗粒分析试验中的应用

丁国权(), 陈凯

河海大学岩土力学与堤坝工程教育部重点实验室,南京 210024

收稿日期:2023-06-24 修回日期:2023-09-27 出版日期:2024-09-01 发布日期:2024-09-20
作者简介:
丁国权(1986-),男,安徽宣城人,实验师,硕士,主要从事非饱和土及堤坝工程等方面的研究。E-mail:dingguoquan2004@126.com
基金资助:
长江水科学研究联合基金重点支持项目(U2040221); 大学生创新训练项目(202210294049Z)

Application of Laser Particle Size Analyzer in Grain-size Analysis of Special Soils

DING Guo-quan(), CHEN Kai

Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering of Ministry of Education, Hohai University,Nanjing 210024, China

Received:2023-06-24 Revised:2023-09-27 Published:2024-09-01 Online:2024-09-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用激光粒度仪对膨胀土、黄土和红土进行了颗粒分析试验,研究了取样质量和超声波分散时间对试验结果的影响,发现遮光率与取样质量呈现很好的线性正相关,给出了特殊土在激光粒度仪法试验中适宜的遮光率范围(15%~25%)、取样质量(膨胀土取0.1~0.2 g,黄土取0.4~0.8 g,红土取0.2~0.4 g)和超声波分散时间(膨胀土取6 min,黄土和红土取2 min);激光粒度仪法试验结果的离散性,对于黄土和膨胀土较小,但对红土相对较大,红土平行试验中粒组含量极差的最大值为10.1%;与密度计法相比,激光粒度仪法测得的胶粒(0,0.002]mm含量偏小,而黏粒(0.002,0.005]mm或更大粒组的含量则偏大,可能是因为两者试验原理的不同而导致的;2种方法对红土的测试结果差异较大,与红土的特殊性质有一定关系。研究成果为激光粒度仪在特殊土颗粒分析试验中的应用提供了借鉴。

关键词: 激光粒度仪, 特殊土, 颗粒分析, 密度计法, 遮光率

Abstract:

A laser particle size analyzer was employed to test the grain size of expansive soil, loess, and laterite to examine how sample mass and ultrasonic dispersion time affect the test results. A strong linear positive correlation was observed between shading rate and sample mass. Optimal conditions were determined for the laser particle size analyzer tests: shading rate between 15% and 25%, sample mass of 0.1-0.2 g for expansive soil, 0.4-0.8 g for loess, and 0.2-0.4 g for laterite, with ultrasonic dispersion times of 6 minutes for expansive soil and 2 minutes for loess and laterite. The test results are less discrete for loess and expansive soil but more discretized for laterite. In parallel tests, the maximum range in fraction content for laterite reached 10.1%. Compared to the densimeter method, the laser particle size analyzer reported lower contents of colloidal particles (smaller than 0.002 mm) and higher contents of clay particles (0.005-0.002 mm) or larger fractions. These discrepancies are likely due to the different principles underlying the two methods. The substantial differences in test results for laterite may be attributed to its unique properties. This study provides valuable insights for utilizing laser particle size analyzers in the grain-size analysis of special soils.

Key words: laser particle size analyzer, special soil, grain-size analysis, densimeter method, shading rate

中图分类号:

TU41土工试验

丁国权, 陈凯. 激光粒度仪在特殊土颗粒分析试验中的应用[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2024, 41(9): 123-129.

DING Guo-quan, CHEN Kai. Application of Laser Particle Size Analyzer in Grain-size Analysis of Special Soils[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2024, 41(9): 123-129.

图/表 10

图1 激光粒度仪工作原理

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of laser particle size analyzer

表1 试验土样基本物理性质

Table 1 Basic physical properties of test soils

土样名称	相对密度 G_s	液限 w_L/%	塑限 w_P/%	塑性指数 I_P
膨胀土	2.73	45.5	19.5	26.0
黄土	2.71	28.2	15.5	12.7
红土	2.77	66.3	27.7	38.6

图2 3种特殊土的遮光率随取样质量的变化规律

Fig.2 Variation of shading rate with sample mass for three special soils

图3 3种特殊土在不同遮光率(取样质量)时的级配曲线

Fig.3 Grain-size distribution curves of three special soils at different shading rates (sample mass)

图4 3种特殊土各粒组含量随遮光率的变化规律

Fig.4 Variation of fraction content with shading rate for three special soils

图5 3种特殊土经历不同时间的超声波分散后的级配曲线

Fig. 5 Grain-size distribution curves of three special soils undergone different durations of ultrasonic dispersion

图6 3种特殊土各粒组含量随超声波分散时间的变化规律

Fig.6 Variation of fraction content with ultrasonic dispersion time for three special soils

图7 3种特殊土激光粒度仪法和密度计法平行试验级配曲线注:JG1—JG5表示激光粒度仪法5次平行试验结果,MD1—MD2表示密度计法2次平行试验结果。

Fig.7 Grain-size distribution curves of three special soils tested in parallel by laser particle size analyzer and densimeter method

表2 平行试验各粒组含量的均值和极差

Table 2 Means and ranges of fraction content in parallel tests

土样名称	粒组含量/%
	粗粒 (0.075, 0.5]mm		粉粒 (0.005, 0.075]mm		黏粒 (0.002, 0.005]mm		胶粒 (0,0.002] mm
	均值	极差	均值	极差	均值	极差	均值	极差
膨胀土	0.1	0.1	40.2	2.6	34.4	4.8	25.3	5.7
黄土	15.2	2.9	74.4	3.4	6.6	0.3	3.9	0.2
红土	24.8	10.1	39.5	5.0	15.5	3.4	20.3	2.5

表3 激光粒度仪法与密度计法所得各粒组含量均值之差

Table 3 Difference between the mean content of each fraction obtained by laser particle size analyzer and densimeter method

土样名称	各粒组含量均值之差/%
土样名称	粗粒 (0.075, 0.5]mm	粉粒 (0.005, 0.075]mm	黏粒 (0.002, 0.005]mm	胶粒 (0,0.002] mm
膨胀土	-3.6	2.9	11.7	-11.0
黄土	7.9	-4.2	4.3	-8.0
红土	-1.2	18.8	12.4	-30.0

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激光粒度仪在特殊土颗粒分析试验中的应用

Application of Laser Particle Size Analyzer in Grain-size Analysis of Special Soils

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