引江补汉工程控制枢纽品字型双层闸门水力控制技术

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20240663

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

石花控制闸是引江补汉工程的控制枢纽,采用品字型双层闸门布置解决了引江补汉工程高水头、超长有压输水水力控制关键技术难题。为了探究石花控制闸品字型双层闸门水力控制技术,采用数值计算和水工模型试验的方法开展研究:①采用一维、三维耦合数学模型计算控制闸启闭引起的系统水力过渡过程,为工程设计提供边界条件;②采用物理模型试验分析控制闸体型的合理性。结果表明:系统沿线最大、最小压力均满足相关规程要求;控制闸内水流流态、压力分布等指标正常,控制闸体型合理。石花控制闸总体设计方案合理,布置方式和研究方法可为其他类似工程提供参考。

关键词: 品字型双层闸门, 长距离输水, 水力过渡过程, 水力控制, 石花控制闸, 引江补汉工程

Abstract:

Shihua sluice serves as the control hub for the Water Diversion Project from the Three Gorges Reservoir to the Hanjiang River. A double-layer gate layout is employed to address key technical challenges in hydraulic control such as high-head and long-pressurized water conveyance. Numerical calculations and hydraulic model tests were conducted to explore the hydraulic control technologies in the double-layer control gate. A one-dimensional and three-dimensional coupled mathematical model simulates the hydraulic transition process resulting from the opening and closing of the control gate, providing essential boundary conditions for engineering design. Physical model test analyzes the rationality of the control gate shape. Findings indicate that the maximum and minimum pressures throughout the system comply with relevant regulations. Parameters such as water flow patterns and pressure distribution are normal, and the shape configuration is appropriate. Overall, the design scheme for the Shihua sluice is effective. Its layout and our research methods offer reference for similar projects.

Key words: double-deck gate, long distance water delivery, hydraulic transition process, hydraulic control, Shihua sluice, Water Diversion Project from the Three Gorges Reservoir to the Hanjiang River

中图分类号:

TV68

刘运佳, 游万敏, 张磊, 潘天文. 引江补汉工程控制枢纽品字型双层闸门水力控制技术[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2024, 41(10): 101-109.

LIU Yun-jia, YOU Wan-min, ZHANG Lei, PAN Tian-wen. Hydraulic Control Technology for Double-deck Gate of a Control Sluice for the Yangtze-Hanjiang River Diversion Project[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 2024, 41(10): 101-109.

图/表 22

图1 引江补汉工程水力控制纵剖面示意图

Fig.1 Longitudinal profile of hydraulic control for the Water Diversion Project from the Three Gorges Reservoir to the Hanjiang River

图2 石花控制闸三维轴测图

Fig.2 Three-dimensional axonometry of Shihua sluice

图3 引江补汉一维与三维局部耦合模拟示意图

Fig.3 One- and three-dimensional local coupling simulation

图4 一维水力系统结点布置示意图

Fig.4 Node layout of one-dimensional hydraulic system

表1 一维水力系统各管道参数

Table 1 Pipeline parameters of one-dimensional hydraulic system

管道编号	长度/m	直径/m	波速/(m·s^-1)	糙率
0	1 440	10.8	1 200	0.012
1	16 110	10.8	1 200	0.012
2	12 662	10.7	1 200	0.012
3	8 139	10.7	1 200	0.012
4	15 599	10.7	1 200	0.012
5	15 904	10.4	1 200	0.012
6	12 617	10.4	1 200	0.012
7	629	10.4	1 200	0.012
8	14 250	9.7	1 200	0.012
9	12 746	9.7	1 200	0.012
10	2 954	9.7	1 200	0.012
11	16 273	9.7	1 200	0.012
12	3 558	9.7	1 200	0.012
13	13 002	10.0	1 200	0.012
14	2 167	10.0	1 200	0.012
15	15 624	10.0	1 200	0.012
16	48	10.0	1 200	0.012
17	13 612	10.0	1 200	0.012
18	12 896	10.0	1 200	0.012
19	3 285	10.0	1 200	0.012

表2 一维水力系统各调压室参数

Table 2 Parameters of surge chamber in one-dimensional hydraulic system

调压室编号	底部高程/m	截面面积/m²	高度/m
1	137.47	942.21	47.53
3	127.35	857.66	285.15
4	123.28	989.21	334.72
6	120.52	801.26	364.48
7	110.01	860.52	231.99
10	109.09	1019.16	232.91
12	103.07	618.65	126.93
14	95.68	605.95	189.32
18	65.09	975.06	67.91
19	68.40	523.87	111.60
20	73.07	460.24	86.93

图5 耦合边界示意图

Fig.5 Coupling boundary

图6 部分重叠耦合示意图

Fig.6 Coupling with partial overlapping

表3 过渡过程计算工况

Table 3 Working condition of transient process

工况编号	闸阀操作	进口水位/m	出口水位/m	备注
1	先10 min关底孔平板门,之后的50 min关中孔弧门	173.3	86.5	最大水头差正常关闭
2	先50 min开中孔弧门,之后的10 min开底孔平板门	143.3	86.5	进口低水位正常开启
3	先50 min开中孔弧门,之后的10 min开底孔平板门	173.3	89.5	出口高水位正常开启

图7 工况1系统沿线水头分布

Fig.7 Water head distribution along the system under working condition 1

图8 工况1闸室内流速分布变化过程

Fig.8 Change of flow velocity in the lock chamber under working condition 1

图9 工况1闸室进出口断面水头和流量变化过程注:纯1D表示仅使用了一维模型;1D3D表示使用了一维模型和三维模型,下同。

Fig.9 Changes of water head and flow rate at the entrance and exit sections of lock chamber under working condition 1

图10 工况2系统沿程水头分布

Fig.10 Water head distribution along the system under working condition 2

图11 工况2闸室内流速分布变化过程

Fig.11 Change of flow velocity in the lock chamber under working condition 2

图12 工况2闸室进出口断面水头和流量变化过程

Fig.12 Changes of water head and flow rate at the entrance and exit sections of lock chamber under working condition 2

图13 工况3系统沿程水头分布

Fig.13 Water head distribution along the system under working condition 3

图14 工况3闸室内流速分布变化过程

Fig.14 Change of flow velocity in the lock chamber under working condition 3

图15 工况3闸室进出口水头和流量变化过程

Fig.15 Changes of water head and flow rate at the entrance and exit sections of lock chamber under working condition 3

表4 各工况关键参数计算成果

Table 4 Calculation results of key parameters under various working conditions

工况	闸前			闸后				水位波动稳定时间/min
工况	最高水位/m	最大压强/ (mH₂O)	最小压强/ (mH₂O)	最高水位/ m	最低水位/ m	最大压强/ (mH₂O)	最小压强/ (mH₂O)	水位波动稳定时间/min
最大水头差正常关闭工况(工况1)	196.35	121.35	—	—	80.21	—	2.45	>200
进口低水位正常开启工况(工况2)	—	—	2.07	—	—	—	—	约100
出口高水位正常开启工况(工况3)	—	—	—	104.00	—	9.45	—	约80

表5 闸控方案物理模型试验工况

Table 5 Physical model test conditions

工况	闸门运行条件	计算调压室水位/ m	消力池水位/ m	过流量/ (m³·s^-1)	中孔开度/m	底孔开度/m
A	关闭过程	108.42	98.49	239.89	8	0
B		113.16	96.81	227.15	4	0
C		148.89	87.21	121.27	1	0
D	开启过程	109.78	104.17	250.60	6	0
E		104.22	93.90	205.85	9	1
F		103.79	103.75	265.00	9	10

表6 各工况消力池流态特征

Table 6 Flow patterns in stilling pool under various working conditions

工况	射流水体			稳流池末端水面
工况	最大潜距/m	最大潜深/m	气泡溢止点/m	波动幅度/m	波动周期/s	漩涡状况
A	80.0	间歇性触底	110	1.88	1.2	浅表漩涡
B	70.0	触底	110	2.00	1.2	偶见浅表漩涡
C	58.5	间歇性触底	110~149	1.60	0.7	间歇性吸气漩涡
D	80.0	距底部5 m	98	3.00	1.1	未见漩涡
E	70.0	间歇性触底	90~95	1.10	1.0	未见漩涡
F	60.0	间歇性触底	100~118	1.00	1.3	偶见浅表漩涡

图16 各工况水流入射消力池池内流态

Fig.16 Flow patterns in the stilling pool with jets under various working conditions

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