由于崩岸具有隐蔽性、突发性强、危害性大等特点,及时开展崩岸应急监测可掌握险情发展动态,便于开展崩岸灾害应急处理及抢护准备工作。随着无人机、多波束、三维激光扫描、孔径雷达等技术的发展,提出了从船载水陆一体化崩岸高分辨率地形获取、无人机广域崩岸岸线巡查与险情监视、真实孔径雷达岸坡稳定性监测与预警的现代高时空分辨率崩岸应急监测技术体系,重点介绍该技术体系中各监测手段的系统构成、系统特点,总结其应用现状及前景。高时空分辨率崩岸应急监测技术体系的构建使得险工险段快速、精准的监测及深入感知险情的发展及演变成为了可能,从而逐渐为崩岸预警、险情处置及后续河道整治提供可靠的技术支撑。

Bank collapse monitoring is of vital significance as bank collapse is highly concealing and happens in a sudden with great harm. With the development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), multi-beam, three-dimensional laser scanning, aperture radar and other technologies, a modern emergency monitoring system with high spatial-temporal resolution for bank collapse has developed. The system composes amphibious ship-borne high-resolution terrain acquisition, UAV wide-area coastline inspection and danger monitoring, real-aperture radar monitoring and early warning of bank collapse. In this paper, the structures, characteristics, applications, and prospects of each monitoring approach in the system are expounded. Such emergency monitoring technology system makes it possible to quickly and accurately monitor and perceive the development and evolution of dangers, thus offering reliable technical support for the early warning and treatment of bank collapse and subsequent river regulation.