长江科学院院报 ›› 2016, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 22-26.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20150005

• 水土保持与生态建设 • 上一篇    下一篇

三峡库区龙河流域降雨侵蚀力的时空分布特征

刘惠英1,王永文1,张平仓2   

  1. 1.南昌工程学院 水利与生态工程学院,南昌 330099;
    2.长江科学院 水土保持研究所,武汉 430010
  • 收稿日期:2015-01-04 出版日期:2016-04-01 发布日期:2016-04-08
  • 作者简介:刘惠英(1973-),女,陕西凤翔人,讲师,博士研究生,主要从事坡面土壤侵蚀和流域水体监测方面研究,(电话)18022384520(电子信箱)huiyingliu@nit.edu.cn。
       通讯作者:张平仓(1961-),男,陕西渭南人,教授级高级工程师,博士生导师,主要从事土壤侵蚀研究,(电话)13907174727(电子信箱)zhangpc@mail.crsri.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201201048);长江科学院开放基金项目(CKWW2013218);江西省土壤侵蚀与防治重点实验室开放基金项目(JXSB201303)

Temporal-spatial Variations of Rainfall Erosivity of Longhe RiverWatershed in Three Gorges Reservoir Region

LIU Hui-ying1,WANG Yong-wen1, ZHANG Ping-cang2   

  1. 1.School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China;
    2.Soil and Water Conservation Department,Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
  • Received:2015-01-04 Published:2016-04-01 Online:2016-04-08

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摘要： 为详细研究三峡库区龙河流域降雨侵蚀力的时空分布特征,根据流域及其周边共12个雨量站连续41 a(1970—2010年)的日降雨资料,按照降雨侵蚀力简易模型,对龙河流域降雨侵蚀力年内分配和年际变化规律进行了计算和分析。研究表明龙河流域多年侵蚀力变化范围为2 031.47~10 927.57 MJ·mm/(hm2·h),多年均值为4 662.00 MJ·mm/(hm2·h);流域年降雨侵蚀力总体趋势为由东北向西南递减,侵蚀力高值区在黄水和悦来场一带,低值区位于廖家坝站附近。流域年降雨和年降雨侵蚀力年内分布较集中,汛期降雨、汛期降雨侵蚀力分别占全年比重的78.43%和78.56%;流域侵蚀力分布最集中时段为5—7月份。龙河流域4站M-K统计值Z值均>0,其降雨侵蚀力为增加趋势;其余3站Z值均<0,其降雨侵蚀力为减小趋势;但所有站点的Z值都没有通过α=0.05的显著性水平检验。1970—2010年间,对整个流域而言,降雨侵蚀力减小趋势不显著,降雨量增加趋势不显著。

关键词: 降雨侵蚀力, 日降雨量, 时空分布, 龙河流域, 三峡库区

Abstract: According to daily rainfall records in 41 consecutive years (1970-2010) at twelve stations of Longhe River watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, we calculated and analysed the intra-annual distribution and inter-annual variation of rainfall erosivity by using a simplified model of rainfall erosivity. During 1970-2010, the annual rainfall erosivity (R-factor) of Longhe river watershed varied from 2031.47 to 10 927.5 MJ·mm/(hm2·h), with an average of 4 662.00 MJ·mm/(hm2·h). The spatial distribution of erosive rainfall and rainfall erosivity were in accordance with the elevation, decreasing from northeast to southwest. The rainfall and rainfall erosivity of wet season were highly concentrated, accounting for 78.43% and 78.56%, respectively. Erosive rainfall concentrated in May-July. The Mann-Kendall statistical value Z of annual rainfall erosivity at all stations were inconsistent and insignificant (α=0.05) over 41 years, only at three stations such trend was deceasing, at the other four stations the trend was increasing at the same time. For the whole watershed, the change of R value was incompatible with the variation of rainfall, and showed an insignificant trend of decreasing over 41 years.

Key words: rainfall erosivity, daily rainfall, spatio-temporal distribution, Longhe River watershed, Three Gorges Reservoir Region

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