长距离负扬程加压泵站调水工程水力控制方式探讨

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20230349

长江科学院院报 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 93-97.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20230349

长距离负扬程加压泵站调水工程水力控制方式探讨

曾敏¹(), 谢杰², 黄伟²(), 祖子豪², 廖晨希², 程佳长²

¹ 江西水利职业学院水利工程系,南昌 330013
² 南昌大学工程建设学院,南昌 330031

收稿日期:2023-04-08 修回日期:2023-08-11 出版日期:2024-09-01 发布日期:2024-09-20
通讯作者: 黄伟
作者简介:
曾敏(1987-),男,湖南邵阳人,讲师,硕士,主要从事水工水力学方面的研究。E-mail:jxslxyzm@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51909115); 江西省水利厅科技课题(202123YBKT04); 江西省教育厅科技项目(GJJ215903)

Discussion on Hydraulic Control Mode of Long-distance Negative-lift Pump Station

ZENG Min¹(), XIE Jie², HUANG Wei²(), ZU Zi-hao², LIAO Chen-xi², CHENG Jia-chang²

¹ Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Jiangxi Water Resources Institute, Nanchang 330013, China
² School of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China

Received:2023-04-08 Revised:2023-08-11 Published:2024-09-01 Online:2024-09-20
Contact: HUANG Wei

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

事故掉电引发的停泵水锤是泵站调水工程安全运行最主要的威胁之一,而对于下游水位低于上游水位的长距离负扬程加压泵站调水工程而言,事故停泵易造成管道拉空,负水锤防护难度较大,因此,针对其停泵工况的水力控制研究十分重要。以某长距离负扬程泵站调水工程为例,模拟计算了事故停泵、阀门拒动这一控制性工况下的水力过渡过程,并对比分析了空气罐、空气阀与空气阀联合空气阀调压室3种水力控制方案的水锤防护效果。结果表明:对于长距离负扬程加压泵站调水系统而言,当采用空气罐的水力控制方式时,所需的空气罐体积较大,投资高昂;当单纯采用空气阀的水力控制方式时,难以有效解决管道局部高点处负压较大的问题,仍可能诱发弥合性水锤;当将部分空气阀附加一根短管组合成空气阀调压室后,能够有效控制管内负压。空气阀与空气阀调压室联合防护是一种十分经济且有效的水锤防护方案,可为这类负扬程加压调水工程的水力控制方式选取提供参考。

关键词: 停泵水锤, 空气阀, 空气阀调压室, 空气罐, 水力控制

Abstract:

The pump-stopping water hammer caused by accidental power failure is one of the main threats to the safe operation of pump station project. For long-distance negative-lift pump station (LDNLPS) with downstream water level lower than upstream water level, accidental pump stop can easily cause pipeline emptying, which makes it challenging to protect against negative water hammer. It is crucial to investigate hydraulic control measures for pump stop conditions. Taking a LDNLPS as a case study, we simulated the hydraulic transients under accidental pump stop and valve rejection conditions. We compared and analyzed the water hammer protection effects of three hydraulic control schemes: air tank, air valve, and combination of air valve with air-valve surge chamber. The results indicate that using air tank requires large volume and high investment costs; air valve alone struggles to address the large negative pressure at local high points of the pipeline and may still induce bridging water hammer. Conversely, combining some air valves with short pipes to form air valve surge chamber effectively controls the negative pressure in the pipeline. In conclusion, the combination of air valve with air-valve surge chamber is economical and effective in protecting against water hammer, hence offering a viable solution for hydraulic control in similar LDNLPS projects.

Key words: pump-stopping water hammer, air valve, air-valve surge chamber, air tank, hydraulic control

中图分类号:

TV134.1有压管道非恒定流

曾敏, 谢杰, 黄伟, 祖子豪, 廖晨希, 程佳长. 长距离负扬程加压泵站调水工程水力控制方式探讨[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2024, 41(9): 93-97.

ZENG Min, XIE Jie, HUANG Wei, ZU Zi-hao, LIAO Chen-xi, CHENG Jia-chang. Discussion on Hydraulic Control Mode of Long-distance Negative-lift Pump Station[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2024, 41(9): 93-97.

图/表 11

图1 空气罐结构示意图[8]

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of air tank [8]

图2 空气阀调压室示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of air-valve surge chamber

图3 输水管线布置概化

Fig.3 Generalized layout of pipeline

表1 输水管道设计参数

Table 1 Design parameters of pipeline

管道	管径/m	管长/m	水击波速/(m·s^-1)	海森-威廉系数
P1	4	1 838.7	1 200	130
P2	4	57 163.3	1 200	130

图4 3台泵稳态运行时的水力坡度线

Fig.4 Hydraulic gradient line during steady-state operation of three pumps

图5 事故停泵、阀门拒动工况沿程测压管水头包络线

Fig.5 Envelopes of piezometer head along the pipeline under accidental power failure and valve rejection condition

图6 空气罐防护下管道沿程测压管水头包络线

Fig.6 Envelopes of piezometer head along the pipeline under air tank protection

图7 空气阀防护下管道沿程测压管水头包络线

Fig.7 Envelopes of piezometer head along the pipeline under air valve protection

表2 空气阀调压室设计参数

Table 2 Design parameters of air-valve surge chamber

序号	桩号/m	空气阀调压室底部高程/m	短管直径/m	短管高度/m	空气阀口径/mm
1	6 850.00	55.471	2	5	DN150
2	13 375.00	54.718	2	5	DN150
3	19 980.00	53.955	2	5	DN150
4	23 851.70	53.507	2	5	DN150
5	32 900.00	52.463	2	5	DN150
6	43 050.00	51.354	2	5	DN150

图8 空气阀联合空气阀调压室防护下管道沿程测压管水头包络线

Fig.8 Envelopes of piezometer head along the pipeline under the protection of air-valve combined with air-valve surge chamber

表3 不同防护方案的停泵水锤模拟结果对比

Table 3 Comparison of simulation results of pump- stopping water hammer among different protection schemes

防护方案	沿程最大水压/kPa	沿程最小水压/kPa	水泵最大倒转速/ (r·min^-1)
无防护	668.8	-100.0(汽化)	未倒转
空气罐防护	668.8	-11.9	400
空气阀防护	668.8	-70.6	未倒转
空气阀联合空气阀调压室防护	668.8	-18.6	未倒转

[1]	刘运佳, 游万敏, 张磊, 潘天文. 引江补汉工程控制枢纽品字型双层闸门水力控制技术[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2024, 41(10): 101-109.
[2]	黄国兵. 大型水利水电工程施工水力控制及灾害预测关键技术[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2018, 35(7): 1-8.

长距离负扬程加压泵站调水工程水力控制方式探讨

Discussion on Hydraulic Control Mode of Long-distance Negative-lift Pump Station

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