基于元素特征分析的东川小江河谷Cd污染源诊断

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20210487

长江科学院院报 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (8): 29-33.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20210487

基于元素特征分析的东川小江河谷Cd污染源诊断

刘艳^1,2, 苏怀^1,2, 李伟康^1,2, 董铭^1,2

1.云南师范大学地理学部,昆明 650500;
2.低纬高原环境变化云南省高校重点实验室,昆明 650500

收稿日期:2021-05-17 修回日期:2022-01-24 出版日期:2022-08-01 发布日期:2022-08-26
通讯作者: 苏怀(1977-),男,云南保山人,教授,博士,研究方向为自然地理学。E-mail:suhuai07@163.com
作者简介:刘艳(1995-),女,四川广安人,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤环境研究。E-mail: liuyan729941005@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41762014)

Diagnosing Cd Pollution Source in Xiaojiang River Valley of Dongchuan in Yunnan Province Based on Element Characteristic Analysis

LIU Yan^1,2, SU Huai^1,2, LI Wei-kang^1,2, DONG Ming^1,2

1. Department of Geography,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China;
2. Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province for Environmental Change in Low Latitude Plateau,Kunming 650500,China

Received:2021-05-17 Revised:2022-01-24 Published:2022-08-01 Online:2022-08-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 云南东川小江河谷Cd污染是源自铜矿开采还是农业污染目前尚无定论,这严重制约了当地重金属污染的高效防治。通过Cd元素在河谷的空间分布调查入手,结合铜矿开采污染物及当地施用化肥的Cd含量分析,对小江河谷Cd污染源进行综合研判。通过元素特征分析发现:①铜矿开采的主要污染物是铜矿石和尾矿渣,其Cd含量平均值仅为0.30 mg/kg,远低于受Cd污染的耕地(平均值4.60 mg/kg)和河漫滩(平均值2.53 mg/kg),它们不具备构成流域Cd主要污染源的能力;②当地常用磷肥Cd含量平均高达83.45 mg/kg,高出受Cd污染耕地Cd含量的18倍,相比采矿污染物,磷肥更有可能成为流域Cd的主要污染源;③河漫滩Cd含量的空间分布没有表现出从采矿活动区向下游持续衰减的趋势,不支持Cd污染源自铜矿开采的污染物扩散模式;④耕地的Cd含量普遍高于河漫滩,说明耕地更接近污染源,符合农业活动的污染物扩散模式;⑤耕地、河漫滩Cd与速效磷(AP)的相关性远高于代表铜矿开采的Cu元素,表明Cd污染与磷肥的施用比铜矿开采关系更为紧密。基于上述结果,认为农业活动中磷肥施用对Cd污染的贡献可能远大于铜矿开采。

关键词: Cd污染源, 铜矿开采, 元素特征分析, 农业活动, 小江河谷

Abstract: Whether Cd pollution in Xiaojiang River Valley of Dongchuan,Yunnan Province originates from copper mining or agricultural pollution was still unclear,which hinders the effective prevention and control of local heavy metal pollution.In this paper,the source of Cd pollution in Xiaojiang River Valley is diagnosed by associating the main pollutants of copper mining with the content of Cd of local chemical fertilizers on the basis of investigating the spatial distribution of Cd element in the river valley.Element characteristic analysis unveils that 1) the major pollutants produced from copper mining,namely,copper ore and tailing slag,are not capable of polluting the river valley as the average content of Cd in copper ore and tailing slag is only 0.30 mg/kg,far lower than that of Cd-polluted cultivated land (4.60 mg/kg) and floodplain (2.53 mg/kg);2) phosphorus fertilizer is more likely to be the main pollution source of Cd in the watershed because the average content of Cd in local phosphorus fertilizer is 83.45 mg/kg,18 times higher than that in Cd-polluted farmland;3) the spatial distribution of Cd content in floodplain shows no trend of continuous attenuation from the mining area to the downstream,which does not support the diffusion model of Cd pollution from copper mining;4) the content of Cd in cultivated land is generally higher than that in floodplain,indicating that cultivated land is closer to pollution source,which conforms to the pollutant diffusion mode of agricultural activities;5) the correlation between Cd content in cultivated land and floodplain and available phosphorus (AP) is much higher than that between Cd content and Cu content which represents copper mining,implying that Cd pollution is more closely related to phosphorus fertilizer application than copper mining.In conclusion,the contribution of phosphorus fertilizer in agricultural activities to Cd pollution is likely to be much greater than that of copper mining.

Key words: Cd pollution source, copper mining, element characteristic analysis, agricultural activity, Xiaojiang River Valley

中图分类号:

刘艳, 苏怀, 李伟康, 董铭. 基于元素特征分析的东川小江河谷Cd污染源诊断[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2022, 39(8): 29-33.

LIU Yan, SU Huai, LI Wei-kang, DONG Ming. Diagnosing Cd Pollution Source in Xiaojiang River Valley of Dongchuan in Yunnan Province Based on Element Characteristic Analysis[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2022, 39(8): 29-33.

基于元素特征分析的东川小江河谷Cd污染源诊断

Diagnosing Cd Pollution Source in Xiaojiang River Valley of Dongchuan in Yunnan Province Based on Element Characteristic Analysis

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