云南东川小江河谷Cd污染是源自铜矿开采还是农业污染目前尚无定论,这严重制约了当地重金属污染的高效防治。通过Cd元素在河谷的空间分布调查入手,结合铜矿开采污染物及当地施用化肥的Cd含量分析,对小江河谷Cd污染源进行综合研判。通过元素特征分析发现:①铜矿开采的主要污染物是铜矿石和尾矿渣,其Cd含量平均值仅为0.30 mg/kg,远低于受Cd污染的耕地(平均值4.60 mg/kg)和河漫滩(平均值2.53 mg/kg),它们不具备构成流域Cd主要污染源的能力;②当地常用磷肥Cd含量平均高达83.45 mg/kg,高出受Cd污染耕地Cd含量的18倍,相比采矿污染物,磷肥更有可能成为流域Cd的主要污染源;③河漫滩Cd含量的空间分布没有表现出从采矿活动区向下游持续衰减的趋势,不支持Cd污染源自铜矿开采的污染物扩散模式;④耕地的Cd含量普遍高于河漫滩,说明耕地更接近污染源,符合农业活动的污染物扩散模式;⑤耕地、河漫滩Cd与速效磷(AP)的相关性远高于代表铜矿开采的Cu元素,表明Cd污染与磷肥的施用比铜矿开采关系更为紧密。基于上述结果,认为农业活动中磷肥施用对Cd污染的贡献可能远大于铜矿开采。
Abstract
Whether Cd pollution in Xiaojiang River Valley of Dongchuan,Yunnan Province originates from copper mining or agricultural pollution was still unclear,which hinders the effective prevention and control of local heavy metal pollution.In this paper,the source of Cd pollution in Xiaojiang River Valley is diagnosed by associating the main pollutants of copper mining with the content of Cd of local chemical fertilizers on the basis of investigating the spatial distribution of Cd element in the river valley.Element characteristic analysis unveils that 1) the major pollutants produced from copper mining,namely,copper ore and tailing slag,are not capable of polluting the river valley as the average content of Cd in copper ore and tailing slag is only 0.30 mg/kg,far lower than that of Cd-polluted cultivated land (4.60 mg/kg) and floodplain (2.53 mg/kg);2) phosphorus fertilizer is more likely to be the main pollution source of Cd in the watershed because the average content of Cd in local phosphorus fertilizer is 83.45 mg/kg,18 times higher than that in Cd-polluted farmland;3) the spatial distribution of Cd content in floodplain shows no trend of continuous attenuation from the mining area to the downstream,which does not support the diffusion model of Cd pollution from copper mining;4) the content of Cd in cultivated land is generally higher than that in floodplain,indicating that cultivated land is closer to pollution source,which conforms to the pollutant diffusion mode of agricultural activities;5) the correlation between Cd content in cultivated land and floodplain and available phosphorus (AP) is much higher than that between Cd content and Cu content which represents copper mining,implying that Cd pollution is more closely related to phosphorus fertilizer application than copper mining.In conclusion,the contribution of phosphorus fertilizer in agricultural activities to Cd pollution is likely to be much greater than that of copper mining.
关键词
Cd污染源 /
铜矿开采 /
元素特征分析 /
农业活动 /
小江河谷
Key words
Cd pollution source /
copper mining /
element characteristic analysis /
agricultural activity /
Xiaojiang River Valley
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