在保证基本的用水约束如总量平衡约束、生态用水和基本生活用水约束条件的前提下，水资源配置制度目标是用水收益最大化。最优的水资源优化配置制度的实质是在满足基本的用水约束的前提下，将水资源在工业、农业和第三产业之间进行合理分配，使水资源的使用收益最大。建立了水资源配置制度的理论框架，提出了水资源配置制度的有效性判别标准以及如何使现有水资源配置制度向最优水资源配置制度逼近，即从规范角度利用机制设计原理，通过寻找最小化的制度外利润 , 构建合作博弈模型，探讨同时满足参与约束和激励相容约束的制度设计。

 Within the basic constraints of the overall balance of water, ecological water and basic living water, the allocation system of water resources is to pursue the maximum effect of water utilization. The optimal allocation system of water resources allocates the total water resources in industry, agriculture and tertiary industry effectively and properly in order to make the most profit of water within the basic constraints. This paper establishes theoretical framework of water allocation system, puts forward a criterion judging the effectiveness of existing water resources and how to approach the optimal water resources allocation system, i.e. from normative viewpoint, uses mechanism design theory in order to find the smallest profit out of the systems, build cooperative game model and design the water allocation system of meeting the participation constraint and incentive compatibility constraint.