饱水作用对白砂岩损伤破裂及声发射特性的影响

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20231215

长江科学院院报 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 163-171.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20231215

饱水作用对白砂岩损伤破裂及声发射特性的影响

胡玉波¹^,²(), 房敬年³, 徐荣超¹(), 郝小红¹, 阎震¹, 周文朋⁴, 李震⁵

¹ 华北水利水电大学地球科学与工程学院,郑州 450046
² 重庆交通大学未来土木科技研究院,重庆 400074
³ 黄河古贤水利枢纽有限公司,郑州 450003
⁴ 中国水利水电第十一工程局有限公司,郑州 450001
⁵ 河南理工大学土木工程学院,河南焦作 454003

收稿日期:2023-11-08 修回日期:2024-04-12 出版日期:2024-11-01 发布日期:2024-11-26
通讯作者: 徐荣超(1988-),男,山东莱阳人,副教授,博士,主要从事深部岩体力学的科研与教学工作。 E-mail:rcxirsm@126.com
作者简介:
胡玉波(1997-),男,河南三门峡人,博士研究生,主要从事岩石力学的试验与理论研究工作。 E-mail:ybhu0413@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51709113); 国家自然科学基金项目(51704097); 河南省重点研发专项(241111322900); 河南理工大学自然科学基金项目(J2021-2)

Effect of Water Saturation on the Damage Failure and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of White Sandstone

HU Yu-bo¹^,²(), FANG Jing-nian³, XU Rong-chao¹(), HAO Xiao-hong¹, YAN Zhen¹, ZHOU Wen-peng⁴, LI Zhen⁵

¹ College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046,China
² Institute of Future Civil Engineering Sciences and Technology, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
³ Yellow River Guxian Water Conservancy Center Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450003,China
⁴ Sinohydro Bureau 11 Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China
⁵ School of Civil Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003,China

Received:2023-11-08 Revised:2024-04-12 Published:2024-11-01 Online:2024-11-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

含水软弱地层围岩的失稳破坏往往与水的作用密切相关。为深入揭示饱水作用对岩石损伤破坏的影响效应及力学机制,开展白砂岩在干燥及饱水条件下的单轴压缩试验,通过对比分析,研究饱水作用对其强度及变形、应力门槛值、应变能及声发射特性的影响规律及机制。分析结果表明,白砂岩饱水后:①单轴抗压强度、弹性模量降低,泊松比增大。②归一化起裂应力(σ_ci/σ_f)减小。分析发现,水的软化作用削弱了矿物颗粒间的黏结作用,新生裂纹易于起裂,因而σ_ci/σ_f减小。③归一化损伤应力(σ_cd/σ_f)减小。基于对声发射b值的分析,饱水后小尺度破裂比例增加,微裂纹更容易相互搭接并形成宏观破裂面,从而导致σ_cd/σ_f减小。④峰值强度处的总能量U、弹性能U_e和耗散能U_d均减小,弹性能与总能量之比(U_e/U)下降。⑤基于声发射AF值(平均频率)及RA值(上升时间与振幅之比)分析发现,饱水后剪切破裂占比增大。研究结果对揭示饱水岩石的破坏机理具有一定的指导意义。

关键词: 白砂岩, 饱水, 应力门槛值, 能量演化, 损伤破裂, 声发射

Abstract:

The instability and failure of surrounding rock in water-bearing weak strata are often closely related to the effects of water. To deeply reveal the influence and mechanical mechanism of water saturation on rock damage and failure, uniaxial compression tests on white sandstone under dry and water-saturated conditions were carried out. Through comparative analysis, the effects and mechanisms of water saturation on strength, deformation, stress thresholds, strain energy, and acoustic emission characteristics were studied. The results showed the following when the white sandstone was water-saturated: (1) Uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus decrease, while Poisson’s ratio increases.(2) The normalized crack initiation stress (σ_ci/σ_f) decreases. The analysis shows that the softening effect of water weakens the bonding between mineral particles, making new cracks easier to initiate, thus leading to a decrease in σ_ci/σ_f.(3) The normalized crack damage stress (σ_cd/σ_f) decreases. Based on the analysis of the AE b-value, the proportion of small-scale ruptures increases. The increase in the proportion of small-scale fractures makes it easier for microcracks to coalesce into macrofractures, leading to a decrease in σ_cd/σ_f.(4) The total energy (U), elastic energy (U_e), and dissipated energy (U_d) at peak strength decrease, and the ratio of elastic energy to total energy (U_e/U) also decreases.(5) The analysis based on AE RA value (ratio of rise time to amplitude) and AF value (average frequency) shows that the proportion of shear fractures increases after water saturation, making it easier to produce intragranular fractures. The research results provide important insights into the failure mechanisms of water-saturated rocks.

Key words: white sandstone, water saturation, stress thresholds, energy evolution, damage failure, acoustic emission

中图分类号:

P642.3

胡玉波, 房敬年, 徐荣超, 郝小红, 阎震, 周文朋, 李震. 饱水作用对白砂岩损伤破裂及声发射特性的影响[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2024, 41(11): 163-171.

HU Yu-bo, FANG Jing-nian, XU Rong-chao, HAO Xiao-hong, YAN Zhen, ZHOU Wen-peng, LI Zhen. Effect of Water Saturation on the Damage Failure and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of White Sandstone[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2024, 41(11): 163-171.

图/表 17

图1 白砂岩偏光显微镜图像

Fig.1 Polarizing microscope picture of the white sandstone

图2 饱水及干燥试样

Fig.2 Water-saturated and dry specimens

表1 试样基本物理性质

Table 1 Basic physical properties of the specimen

岩性	干密度/ (g·cm^-3)	饱和密度/ (g·cm^-3)	波速(干燥)/ (m·s^-1)	波速(饱和)/ (m·s^-1)	孔隙率/%
白砂岩	2.43	2.51	2 803	3 151	7.23

图3 试验仪器

Fig.3 Test equipment

图4 干燥和饱水条件下的应力-应变

Fig.4 Stress-strain curves under dry and saturated conditions

表2 力学参数结果

Table 2 Results of mechanical parameters

含水状态	试样编号	单轴抗压强度/ MPa	弹性模量 E/ GPa	泊松比ν	总能量 U/ (kJ·m^-3)	弹性能 U_e/ (kJ·m^-3)	耗散能 U_d/ (kJ·m^-3)	能量比 R_e/ %
干燥	dw-1	60.43	9.03	0.21	24.30	21.29	3.01	87.61
	dw-2	61.13	8.85	0.22	24.87	21.71	3.16	87.29
	dw-3	59.43	8.57	0.22	23.63	20.60	3.03	87.18
	dw-4	65.11	9.22	0.19	26.65	23.00	3.65	86.30
饱和	sw-1	40.32	6.70	0.33	14.16	12.13	2.03	85.66
	sw-2	40.32	6.53	0.34	14.30	12.44	1.86	86.99
	sw-3	36.80	6.13	0.33	12.96	11.05	1.91	85.26
	sw-4	40.50	6.51	0.32	14.40	12.60	1.80	87.50

图5 试样破坏形态

Fig.5 Failure pattern of sandstone samples

图6 基于CVS法的应力及应变门槛值取值方法

Fig.6 Sketch of method to obtain the stress thresholds based on CVS method

表3 白砂岩应力门槛值

Table 3 Stress thresholds of white sandstone

状态	试样编号	σ_ci/ MPa	σ_cd/ MPa	σ_f/ MPa	(σ_ci/σ_f)/ %	σ_ci/σ_f 均值	(σ_cd/σ_f)/ %	σ_ci/σ_f 均值/%
干燥	dw-1	25.75	49.41	60.43	42.61		81.77
	dw-2	27.81	44.85	61.13	45.49	44.56	73.37	76.29
	dw-3	26.66	43.54	59.43	44.86		73.26
	dw-4	29.47	49.97	65.11	45.26		76.74
饱水	sw-1	17.38	24.73	40.32	43.11		61.34
	sw-2	17.38	23.94	40.32	43.10	42.98	59.37	60.37
	sw-3	15.90	22.38	36.80	43.20		60.81
	sw-4	17.22	24.29	40.50	42.52		59.97

图7 归一化应力门槛值

Fig.7 Normalized stress thresholds

图8 白砂岩能量演化曲线

Fig.8 Energy evolution curves of white sandstone

图9 峰值能量

Fig.9 Results of energy at peak stress

图10 单轴压缩下砂岩声发射计数与累计计数

Fig.10 AE counts and AE cumulative counts of sandstone under uniaxial compression

图11 声发射计数峰值及累计计数峰值

Fig.11 Peak value of AE counts and AE accumulative counts

图12 声发射b值拟合曲线

Fig.12 Fitting curve of AE b value

图13 白砂岩RA-AF值的分布

Fig.13 Distribution of RA-AF value of white sandstone

图14 张拉破裂占比

Fig.14 Proportion of tensile fracture

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饱水作用对白砂岩损伤破裂及声发射特性的影响

Effect of Water Saturation on the Damage Failure and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of White Sandstone

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