流域涉及范围广、水环境问题复杂,其水环境评价及驱动力分析是流域研究的重点。以湘江流域77个水质监测站实测水质指标为基础,结合聚类分析法和主成分分析法(PCA),建立湘江流域WQImin水环境评价模型,通过Pearson线性相关法对流域进行社会经济驱动因子分析。结果表明:湘江流域WQImin值介于95.2~70.0之间,整体为优—好等级;流域水环境非汛期优于汛期;水环境最优地区为永州及潇水,长株潭地区及衡阳市较差,其主要污染因子为DO、BOD5、CODMn、Cr6+及NH3-N;干流自上游至下游WQImin逐渐降低,其中湘潭区域WQImin最低,为78.65,长沙WQImin有所提升,为81.6;水环境驱动因子长株潭及衡阳地区的为工业污染、农业污染及人口因素,永州为农业污染,娄底及郴州为工业污染;湘江干流主要驱动因子为工业污染、农业污染及上游市的城市污染。研究结果可为流域水环境评价研究提供参考。
Abstract
Watershed involves a wide range of complexities in its water environment issues. Water environment assessment and driving force analysis are crucial aspects of watershed research. In this study, an assessment model, the WQImin, for the water environment in the Xiangjiang River Basin is established by combining cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) based on measured water quality indicators from 77 monitoring stations. The socio-economic driving factors of the basin are also analyzed using the Pearson linear correlation method. Results indicate that the WQImin values in the Xiangjiang River Basin range from 95.2 to 70.0, with an overall rating of excellent-good. The water environment in non-flood season is superior to that in flood season. Areas such as Yongzhou and Xiaoshui exhibit the best water quality, while the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan cluster and the city of Hengyang demonstrate poorer conditions. The main pollution factors include dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N). Furthermore, the WQImin values progressively decrease from upstream to downstream along the main stream, with the lowest value recorded in the Xiangtan area at 78.65, while the value in Changsha increases to 81.6. The driving factors impacting the water environment vary across different areas. Industrial pollution, agricultural pollution, and population factors influence the water environment in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan region and Hengyang, whereas agricultural pollution affects Yongzhou, and industrial pollution influences Loudi and Chenzhou. The primary driving factors for the mainstream of Xiangjiang River include industrial pollution, agricultural pollution, and urban pollution in upstream cities.
关键词
水环境评价 /
驱动因子 /
WQImin模型 /
主成分分析法(PCA) /
湘江流域
Key words
water environment assessment /
driving factors /
WQImin model /
principal component analysis /
Xiangjiang River Basin
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基金
湖南省自然科学基金项目(2021JJ40026);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(21C0651);益阳市哲学社会科学重大课题(2022YS011)
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