三峡电站日调度驱动的重力波对其支流动力过程造成显著影响,其中的高频水流波动会显著影响支流库湾的物质、能量等垂向扩散和输运过程,进而影响水华暴发等环境问题。基于三峡水库香溪河支流2021年蓄水期末的水动力及水温垂向结构监测数据,分析了三峡电站日调度驱动的支流库湾高频振荡对水温结构的影响。研究发现,三峡出库流量日波动驱动支流水位也呈日波动和高频波动特征,其中水位日波动振幅约0.3~0.5 m,高频水位波幅约0.04 m。库湾底层水温高频波动比中上层更加明显,与香溪河库湾水深从河口向上游逐渐变浅有关系。支流近底水温波动功率谱分析显示,香溪河湍流耗散速率(6.5×10-7 W/kg)明显高出一般水库的近底耗散率,表明水库调度驱动的水体高频波动导致较强的湍流发育和耗散。
Abstract
The gravity wave driven by the daily operation of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) has a significant influence on the dynamic process of its tributaries. In particular, the high-frequency water fluctuation remarkably affects the vertical transport or diffusion of materials and energy, and further on the algal blooming process. The influence of high-frequency oscillation in tributary bay driven by TGR’s daily operation on water temperature structure was examined based on the monitoring data of hydrodynamics and vertical structure of water temperature in Xiangxi Bay of TGR at the end of 2021 impoundment period. Results demonstrated that the daily fluctuation of outflow of the TGR also gave rise to daily fluctuation and high frequency fluctuation of the water level of its tributaries. The amplitude of daily fluctuation of water level was about 0.3-0.5 m, and the high frequency fluctuation reached around 0.04 m. The high-frequency fluctuation in the bottom of the bay was more obvious than that in the mid-and-upper layer due to the water depth reduction from the estuary to the upper reaches. Power spectrum analysis of near-bottom water temperature fluctuation in tributaries showed that the turbulent dissipation rate of Xiangxi Bay (6.5×10-7 W/kg) is significantly higher than that of other reservoirs, indicating that the high frequency fluctuation of water driven by reservoir operation leads to strong turbulent development and dissipation.
关键词
流量日调节 /
支流振荡 /
水温波动 /
功率谱分析 /
湍流耗散
Key words
daily discharge regulation /
tributary oscillation /
water temperature fluctuation /
power spectrum analysis /
turbulent dissipation
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52079069,52009066,U2040220);湖北省高校优秀中青年科技创新团队项目(T2021003);长江科学院开放研究基金资助项目(CKWV20221003/KY)
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