为了明确输水隧洞内的明满流水力瞬变过程以及优化泄水闸的泄水流量,介绍了圆形输水隧洞中明满交替水流水力瞬变计算原理和方法。以某大型灌区干渠工程为例,根据窄缝法计算原理,采用显式差分中的扩散法,对圆形输水隧洞中的明满交替水流进行了水力瞬变计算研究。给出了圆形隧洞瞬变流计算的水力要素计算公式,得到了输水流量变化时隧洞不同断面的水深或压力随时间的变化曲线。结果表明:当圆形隧洞水位封顶时,隧洞中的水压力越靠近下游断面,压力突升越剧烈;明流状态下节制闸关闭时间对隧洞内最大水深影响较小,隧洞内的最大水深随着泄水闸泄水流量的增加呈线性减小的趋势,根据数值模拟计算给出了泄水闸合理的设计泄水流量。研究成果可为输水隧洞工程的设计提供借鉴和参考。
Abstract
In an attempt to clarify the hydraulic transient process of mixed free-surface-pressure flow in water conveyance tunnel and to optimize the discharge of sluice gate, the calculation principle and method of hydraulic transients for mixed free-surface-pressure flow in a circular water conveyance tunnel are researched based on the slot method and diffusion method in explicit finite-difference method. A trunk canal project in a large irrigation area is taken as research background. The formulas of hydraulic elements for the transient flow of circular tunnel is given, and time-dependent curves of water depth and pressure of each tunnel section in the presence of varying flow rates are obtained. Results manifest that water pressure rises more sharply as it gets closer to the tunnel downstream section when the water level of circular tunnel is capped. Under the condition of open flow, the maximum water depth in the tunnel drops linearly with the increase of sluice discharge but is hardly affected by the closing time of check gate. According to numerical simulation, the reasonable design discharge of the sluice gate is given to provide reference for the design of similar projects.
关键词
圆形隧洞 /
明满流 /
水力瞬变 /
窄缝法 /
泄水闸 /
最优泄水流量
Key words
circular tunnel /
mixed free-surface-pressure flow /
hydraulic transient /
slot method /
sluice gate /
optimal sluice discharge
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