面向供水管网漏损监测的传感器优化布置多准则决策分析方法

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20230461

长江科学院院报 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 178-184.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20230461

面向供水管网漏损监测的传感器优化布置多准则决策分析方法

王莹¹^,²(), 谭德宝³(), 叶松¹^,², 胡祖康⁴, 姚正利¹^,²

¹ 长江科学院空间信息技术应用研究所,武汉 430010
² 武汉市智慧流域工程技术研究中心,武汉 430010
³ 长江科学院,武汉 430010
⁴ 长江生态环保集团有限公司,武汉 430062

收稿日期:2023-05-24 修回日期:2023-08-04 出版日期:2024-09-01 发布日期:2024-09-20
通讯作者: 谭德宝
作者简介:
王莹(1991-),男,湖北恩施人,硕士研究生,工程师,主要从事水利信息化研究。E-mail:523437244@qq.com
基金资助:
水利部重大科技项目(SKR-2022001); 国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0408805)

Multi-criteria Decision-making Method for Optimal Sensor Layout for Leakage Monitoring of Water Supply Network

WANG Ying¹^,²(), TAN De-bao³(), YE Song¹^,², HU Zu-kang⁴, YAO Zheng-li¹^,²

¹ Spatial Information Technology Application Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
² Wuhan Smart Watershed Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan 430010, China
³ Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
⁴ Changjiang Eco-environmentalProtection Group Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430062, China

Received:2023-05-24 Revised:2023-08-04 Published:2024-09-01 Online:2024-09-20
Contact: TAN De-bao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

供水管网漏损精准监测对于避免水资源浪费具有重要意义,为此,提出一种面向供水管网漏损监测的传感器优化布置多准则决策分析方法。基于充分考虑传感器布置优化的权重、差异阈值和偏好阈值的不确定性,利用信息熵在整个决策空间内对传感器的初始位置进行筛选再根据漏损监测目标,通过定义一组传感器布置优化准则,利用多准则决策分析方法对初始方案进行排序,得到顾及多组参数及不同偏好场景下各种初始方案的概率排序。为了验证该方法的适用性,采用基准测试管网 k1模型开展仿真试验并比较了几种不同的偏好场景。结果表明所提出的方法能够适应顺序优先和最重要的优先顺序,而且能够对方案进行排序和成对比较,避免了使用“黑匣子”对传感器布置方案进行选择。

关键词: 供水管网, 漏损监测, 传感器优化布置, 多准则决策分析

Abstract:

Accurate monitoring of leakage losses in water supply pipeline network is crucial for preventing water resource waste. This study proposes a multi-criteria decision analysis method to optimize sensor arrangement for monitoring the pipeline leakage loss. To address uncertainties in weights, difference thresholds, and preference thresholds in sensor arrangement, we used information entropy to screen initial sensor positions within the decision space. Based on monitoring objectives, we defined criteria for sensor arrangement optimization and applied the multi-criteria decision analysis method to rank the initial schemes. Taking into account multiple sets of parameters and different preference scenarios, we obtained the probabilistic ranking of the schemes. To validate the proposed method, we conducted simulation experiments using the k1 model of the baseline test pipe network and compared several preference scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively handles sequential priorities, rankings, and pairwise comparisons, avoiding the use of “black box” in selecting sensor placement scenarios.

Key words: water supply network, leakage monitoring, optimal sensor layout, multi-criteria decision-making

中图分类号:

王莹, 谭德宝, 叶松, 胡祖康, 姚正利. 面向供水管网漏损监测的传感器优化布置多准则决策分析方法[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2024, 41(9): 178-184.

WANG Ying, TAN De-bao, YE Song, HU Zu-kang, YAO Zheng-li. Multi-criteria Decision-making Method for Optimal Sensor Layout for Leakage Monitoring of Water Supply Network[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2024, 41(9): 178-184.

图/表 10

图1 传感器优化布置多准则决策分析流程

Fig.1 Flowchart of multi-criteria decision-making analysis for optimal sensor layout

表1 传感器优化布置方案优化准则特性

Table 1 Characteristics of optimization criteria for sensorlayout optimization scheme

性能指标	信息获取能力	漏损识别能力	鲁棒性	花费成本
信息增益	√
漏损识别率		√
漏损检测率			√
信息熵损失			√
传感器数量				√

图2 基准测试管网k1模型拓扑结构示意图

Fig.2 Topological structure of k1 model of benchmark test pipeline network

表2 不同偏好场景各性能准则确定权重值和权重界限

Table 2 Weight values and weight boundaries for different preference scenarios and performance criteria

场景编号	信息增益	漏损识别率	漏损检测率	信息熵损失	传感器数量
1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
2	[0.25,0.3]	[0.15,0.2]	[0.15,0.2]	[0.15,0.2]	[0.15,0.25]
3	[0.25,0.4]	[0.15,0.2]	[0.15,0.2]	[0.15,0.2]	[0.15,0.2]
4	[0.15,0.2]	[0.15,0.2]	[0.25,0.3]	[0.15,0.2]	[0.15,0.25]
5	[0.15,0.2]	[0.15,0.2]	[0.15,0.2]	[0.25,0.3]	[0.15,0.25]
6	[0.15,0.2]	[0.25,0.3]	[0.15,0.2]	[0.15,0.2]	[0.15,0.25]

表3 各偏好准则差异阈值和偏好阈值界限

Table 3 Limits of difference threshold and preference threshold of different preference criteria

性能偏好值	信息增益	漏损识别率	漏损检测率	信息熵损失	传感器数量
q	[0.008, 0.001]	[1.45, 1.47]	[0.042, 0.046]	[0.001 1, 0.001 7]	[0.9,1]
p	[1.058, 1.068]	[71.5, 72.45]	[10.76, 10.95]	[0.242, 0.25]	[13,14]

图3 不同传感器数量条件下相关参数变化

Fig.3 Variation of relevant parameters under scenarios with different sensor quantities

表4 各偏好场景下各传感器布置方案概率排序

Table 4 Probability ranking of sensor placement schemesin various preference scenarios

场景编号	偏好	传感器数量/个	maxb¹ $a$ /%
1	等权重	14	100
2	信息增益	14	67.13
3	传感器数量	10	47.22
4	漏损检测率	14	59.72
5	信息熵损失	14	53.24
6	漏损识别率	14	48.54

表4 各偏好场景下各传感器布置方案概率排序

Table 4 Probability ranking of sensor placement schemesin various preference scenarios

场景编号	偏好	传感器数量/个	maxb¹ $a$ /%
1	等权重	14	100
2	信息增益	14	67.13
3	传感器数量	10	47.22
4	漏损检测率	14	59.72
5	信息熵损失	14	53.24
6	漏损识别率	14	48.54

表5 场景2—6各方案概率排序及各准则权重重心

Table 5 Probability ranking of various schemes andweight center of each criterion under scenarios 2-6

场景编号	方案	传感器数量/ 个	信息增益	漏损识别率	漏损检测率	信息熵损失	传感器数量	maxb¹(a)/ %
2	2-1	13	0.270	0.175	0.172	0.163	0.221	18.98
	2-2	14	0.282	0.176	0.173	0.171	0.198	67.13
	2-3	17	0.274	0.180	0.193	0.188	0.165	10.65
3	3-1	10	0.157	0.157	0.168	0.157	0.359	47.22
3	3-2	11	0.181	0.188	0.167	0.178	0.286	45.83
4	4-1	13	0.162	0.159	0.270	0.176	0.233	40.28
4	4-2	14	0.183	0.166	0.281	0.175	0.195	59.72
5	5-1	11	0.156	0.160	0.171	0.270	0.244	17.60
	5-2	13	0.167	0.159	0.177	0.279	0.218	26.85
	5-3	14	0.186	0.178	0.176	0.280	0.180	53.24
	5-4	17	0.194	0.174	0.194	0.282	0.156	2.31
6	6-1	13	0.168	0.263	0.160	0.161	0.247	2.92
	6-2	14	0.172	0.273	0.173	0.175	0.207	47.37
	6-3	17	0.178	0.288	0.182	0.183	0.169	48.54

表6 场景2—6最优方案及其概率排序

Table 6 Optimal scheme and its probability ranking under scenarios 2-6

场景编号	方案	传感器数量/ 个	MFP1	MFP1 概率排序/%	MFP2	MFP2 概率排序/%	MFP3	MFP3 概率排序/%
2	2-1	13	5	37.96	2	36.11	1	18.98
	2-2	14	1	67.13	2	25	3	7.87
	2-3	17	8	25	7	17.13	2	14.81
3	3-1	10	1	47.22	2	25	5	18.52
3	3-2	11	1	45.83	2	36.57	3	12.03
4	4-1	13	2	40.74	1	40.28	3	10.65
4	4-2	14	1	59.72	2	38.89	3	1.39
5	5-1	11	7	41.2	3	25.93	1	17.59
	5-2	13	2	40.74	1	26.85	5	22.22
	5-3	14	1	53.24	2	24.54	3	13.89
	5-4	17	8	31.48	3	17.59	5	16.67
6	6-1	13	5	63.16	2	21.05	3	10.23
	6-2	14	1	47.37	2	26.32	4	15.79
	6-3	17	1	48.54	3	12.58	7	11.99

图4 不同数量的传感器布置方案

Fig.4 Layout schemes with different number of sensors

面向供水管网漏损监测的传感器优化布置多准则决策分析方法

Multi-criteria Decision-making Method for Optimal Sensor Layout for Leakage Monitoring of Water Supply Network

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