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DOI: https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20250362

Investigation on Seismic Performance Differences between Hardfill Dam and Gravity Dam

  • HE Wei-ping , 1, 2 ,
  • SONG Jun-jie , 2 ,
  • PENG Yun-feng 1, 2 ,
  • HUANG Shi-bo 2 ,
  • LIU Wang 2
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  • 1 Hubei Key Laboratory of Construction and Management in Hydropower Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
  • 2 College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China

Received date: 2025-04-24

  Revised date: 2025-09-02

  Online published: 2025-10-17

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Abstract

[Objectives] To reveal the differences in anti-seismic performance between Hardfill dams and concrete gravity dams, the investigation on the nonlinear seismic response of the Oyuk dam in Turkey and the non-overflow dam section of the Xiangjiaba gravity dam in China is performed. [Methods] In this paper, the numerical model of the Oyuk dam and the non-overflow dam section of the Xiangjiaba gravity dam is built by the finite element method. In the numerical models, the Westergaard method is used to simulate the hydrodynamic pressure of the reservoir. The Concrete Damage Plastic model is used to simulate the nonlinear characteristics of materials in the dam body. And the massless foundation model is chosen to avoid the motion amplification effect of the foundation. The earthquake failure process and the anti-seismic sliding stability of two types of dams are investigated under ground motions with different Peak Ground Accelerations (PGAs). The failure zones in the dam body and the controlling failure pattern of two types of dams are summarized. The anti-seismic performance of two dams is compared through the failure index, the cumulative plastic dissipation energy, and the anti-sliding stability safety factor. [Results] The failure zones of the Hardfill dam mainly occur at the dam heel, the dam toe, and the upstream and downstream faces in the middle part of the dam. While that of gravity dams mainly occurs at the dam heel, the downstream slope change and the upstream and downstream faces in the upper part of the dam. The controlling failure pattern is the penetration between failure zones at the upstream face and the downstream face for the Hardfill dam, and the penetration from the downstream face to the upstream face for the gravity dam. When the penetration occurs, the cumulative plastic dissipation energy of the dam body is 97.45 kJ for the gravity dam, and 648.42 kJ for the Hardfill dam. The cumulative plastic dissipation energy of the Hardfill dam is approximately 6.6 times that of the gravity dam. The symmetrical dam section of the Hardfill dam significantly enhances the anti-sliding stability of the dam. The minimum anti-sliding stability safety factor of the Hardfill dam under the Operating Basis Earthquake (0.24g) is 2.44, and that of the gravity dam under the design peak acceleration (0.222g) is 1.53. The anti-sliding stability safety factor of the two types of dams gradually decreases with the increase of PGA. The value for the gravity dam decreases to 1.0 with PGA=0.5g, while that of the Hardfill dam remains at 1.17 with PGA=0.8g. Based on the failure index of the dam body and the anti-sliding stability safety factor, it can be known that the ultimate seismic capacity of the gravity dam is 0.45g to 0.50g, while that of the Hardfill dam is 0.75g to 0.80g. [Conclusions] This investigation reveals the nonlinear seismic performance between the Hardfill dam and the gravity dam. The results reveal that the ultimate seismic capacity of the Hardfill dam is significantly higher than that of the concrete gravity dam. In the construction of hydraulic engineering projects in high seismic regions, the Hardfill dam can be an effective alternative dam type.

Key words： Hardfill dam; gravity dam; Concrete Damage Plastic model; strong earthquake failure model; ultimate seismic capacity

Cite this article

HE Wei-ping , SONG Jun-jie , PENG Yun-feng , HUANG Shi-bo , LIU Wang . Investigation on Seismic Performance Differences between Hardfill Dam and Gravity Dam[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 0 . DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20250362

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