Management Technology for Water and Mud Inrush in Deeply Buried Tunnel Crossing High-pressure Water-rich Faults

doi:10.11988/ckyyb.20240694

Abstract

Abstract:

Water and mud inrush in tunnels crossing high-pressure water-rich faults is highly destructive with low groutability. To address this challenge, we examined the geological characteristics, disaster processes, and causes associated with water and mud inrush in the Xianglushan Tunnel of Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project as a case study. We propose a combined management strategy consisting of drilling, grouting, pressure relief, and support all in advance. To tackle the high content of fine powder in the surrounding rock of the tunnel’s lower half section, which impedes the diffusion of grouting slurry, we introduce a replacement grouting reinforcement technique. This technique involves dividing the grouting holes into top holes and back (or horizontal) holes. Grout is injected through the top holes, while pressure is released through the back or horizontal holes to flush out rock powder. This approach facilitates the removal of rock powder and improves slurry diffusion. Our method successfully resolves the water and mud inrush disaster in DLI3+681.5 section of Xianglushan Tunnel. The research findings offer valuable insights for managing water and mud inrush disasters in tunnels with similar geological conditions.

Key words: deeply buried tunnel, water-rich fault, water and mud inrush, management measures, replacement grouting reinforcement technology, disaster management

CLC Number:

TV22水工勘测水工设计

LI Jian-he, NIU Li-min, WANG Shuai, XU Ran, CHEN Pei. Management Technology for Water and Mud Inrush in Deeply Buried Tunnel Crossing High-pressure Water-rich Faults[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 2024, 41(10): 149-156.

Figures/Tables 18

Table 1 Water and mud inrush disasters in typical tunnels

工程名称	涌水突泥灾害情况
大柱山隧道	困难洞段26个月只掘进156 m,涌水量达1.5亿m³,足够灌满10个西湖
贵南客专朝阳隧道	“6·10”涌水突泥事件:涌水量约10万m³,造成3人遇难
渝怀铁路圆梁山隧道	共发生涌水突泥71次,最大涌水量达72 000 m³/h
鄂北水资源配置工程宝林隧洞	抢排洞内积水淤泥5 200余m³,6名施工人员遇难
宜万铁路马鹿箐隧道	2004—2008年共发生19次涌水突泥,导致15人死亡,工期延误超过2 a
他白依隧道	进口右幅K63+035—K63+050段突泥量4 500 m³,初支坍塌,洞身被封堵,地表裂缝开裂加剧
鹤剑兰高速公路隧道	2022年7月29日发生较大涌水突泥事故,造成4人死亡、4人受伤,直接经济损失约2 508万元
珠海市石景山隧道	因下穿水库时遭遇富水花岗岩风化深槽产生重大透水事故,造成14人死亡
香炉山隧洞	香炉山4^#、5^#支洞碎粉岩涌水突泥淹没挖掘机及钢模台车,严重制约工程进度

Fig.1 Water inrush in the No. 5 branch of Xianglushan Tunnel

Fig.2 Geological profile of the tunnel section with water and mud inrush

Fig.3 Vertical abrasion of collapsed surrounding rock

Fig.4 Extrusion and mudding of collapsed surrounding rock

Fig.5 Fine particulate matter carried by surging water

Fig.6 Water accumulation at 200 m from the working face of the tunnel

Fig.7 Accumulation of mud inrush on the working face of the tunnel

Fig.8 Sketch of geological information revealed 30 m in front of the working face of the slurry-stop wall

Fig.9 Fracture zone materials revealed in two front faults

Fig.10 High-pressure water spraying from drainholes with a spraying distance over 30 m

Fig.11 Flowchart of water and mud inrush disaster management

Fig.12 Sketch of the first phase of management program

Fig.13 Schematic diagram of drilled grouting arrangement at DLI3+670

Fig.14 Slurry leakage at concrete footing

Fig.15 Schematic diagram of the result of the first phase advanced grouting

Fig.16 Schematic diagram of the replacement grouting in the lower half section

Fig.17 Borehole photograph after advanced grouting

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