Major research achievements with respect to basin water environment and ecology by Changjiang/Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute (CRSRI/YRSRI) in the last decade are presented. Innovative research findings in particular, are underscored in terms of healthy Changjiang River, ecological water demand and eco  regulation, effect of water conservancy and hydropower plants on eco-environment, calculation and assessment of pollution load capacity, water environment monitoring and policy for accidental water pollution emergency, and water environment simulation as well as the monitoring and control of non  point source pollution. Prospects of the researches on basin water environment and water ecology are looked forward.