On the basis of investigating historical and present situation on water and soil loss, the cause and influencing factors of basin are demonstrated by analysing the nature conditions and the characteristics of Chishui River basin, as well as the types and the spatial distributions of soil loss. Aiming at the disasters of soil loss in Chishui River basin, the paper proposes corresponding countermeasures. Via restoring the ecological environment in river  head of Chishui River basin, establishing the ecological buffer region in upper and middle Chishui River basin, and using the prevention measures in lower Chishui River basin, the construction of ecological environment in Chishui River basin will receive a better effect.