Ecological compensation mechanism is a pop topic investigated by scholars at home and abroad for a long time. But most of them start with the research from drainage basin, forest and mineral resources at present. A few researches deal with the ecological compensation mechanism of groundwater engineering. This article starts with the conception of ecological compensation mechanism, and puts forward the ecological compensation mechanism of groundwater engineering ， and summarizes the current research situation of home and abroad. At last, taking the exploitation and utilization of Yangjiaopu groundwater resource in Handan City for an example, the article analyzes the influence of the groundwater engineering built on local ecologic environment and community. Some measures are brought forward to solve these problems, the subject and object of ecological compensation are determined, and some suggestions of compensation mode are given.