The Jianli river reach is located in the lower part of Jingjiang river reach which is one of the 14 key reaches in the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River. By analyzing the 1950-2006 prototype data of Jianli Station in Jianli river reach, a representative hydrological station, some conclusions indicate as follows: The annual runoff and sediment load of Jianli river reach all changed irregularly and periodically, and were divided into two phases clearly by late 1980s. In 2006, the annual runoff and sediment load of Jianli river were the lowest in the past years. The distribution of runoff and sediment load in one year was uneven, mainly concentrated in flood season from May to October, especially for sediment load. The runoff and sediment load had direct correlation on the whole, that is, the more the runoff, the more the sediment load. Besides the incoming water and sediment from the upstream river reach, the cut off works in lower Jingjiang river reach, the variation of the silt carrying flow division through three branches in Jingjiang River, and the construction of large scale water conservancy projects, such as TGP, are all the main influencing factors of water and sediment load variation in Jianli river reach.