In the current construction field, in order to determine the strength index, the rebound method often be used for carrying out nondestructive testing of concrete. In recent years, however, more and more controversy appeared about uncertainty factors of using the rebound method to test the strength of concrete. On the basis of researching to use rebound method to test the structure strength of concrete, uncertainty factors of concrete strength on the rebound method in engineering test are analyzed from the relationship between concrete strength and hardness, amending the deviation of curing value of the rebound strength with depth of carbonation, impact of curing conditions, and relevant aspects in JGJ/T23-2001 regulations. The paper aims at improving the application of the rebound method in the detect of concrete structure strength.