A comprehensive evaluation index system synthesizes plenty of information. The overall building index system that includes society, economy, resources and environment, can express main characteristics of ecological system in a basin. This paper establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system frame of improvement rate of soil and water loss by adopting survey data of soil and water loss in several typical regions from water and soil resources, ecological environment and economic development. According to the system frame, all indexes are quantified and weights of all levels index are assigned in preparation for? comprehensively evaluating typical region health from soil and water loss improvement.