On the basis of actual survey of soil erosion in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin, the soil erosion area distribution and erosion types in the basin are analyzed. And according to the soil erosion types, characteristics, distribution and dangerous extent, and in combination with the actual conditions and economic development level at local, the analytic results are as follows: 1.The sorts of the basin soil erosion include hydraulic erosion, wind force erosion, gravitational erosion, freezing and thawing erosion, diplase erosion (windwater, windfreeze and waterfreeze), and triphase erosion (windwaterfreeze). 2.The difference in distribution of erosion sorts in vertical direction is very distinct. 3.According to the district features of soil erosion, the river basin may be divided into five soil erosion areas, i.e., upstream freeze thaw district, middlereaches high mountain freezethaw water erosion district, largecanyon and downstream water erosion district, “one Jiang, two He” freezethaw water erosion district, and middlereaches lowercourse watererosion and freezethaw erosion district. At last, in consideration of the characteristics of the soil erosion regions, some preventiontreatment strategies on soil and water conservation are put forward.