Abstract: On the basis of risk analysis theory, the flood risk of ecologybased sluice operation in connection lakes and th e Yangtze River is studied with a case of Tianezhou wetland. The results show th at ecologybased sluice operations have some impacts on the flood risk in the research areas, but if advisable countermeasures are adopted, the impacts will become very slight. Ecologybased sluice o perations bring a huge benefit to the environment and ecology only with a slight impact on the shortterm economic profit, and that from a l ongterm point of view, if the good environment and ecology will serve for envi ronment education, ecological traveling and other related services, the potentia l economic benefit would be much larger than agricultural benefit at present. In a word, the ecologybased sluice operation is more reasonab le than the operation mode at present.