Abstract: The intake and exit designs of hydraulic structures generally involve the abutment wall designs. Nowadays, more and more high dams are being built, then the hydraulics problems on high velocity are raised . The relative empiric formulas cant satisfy the requirements of design. From the mechanism of shock waves, the paper presents the characteristics of water flow and flow - pattern in each side of abutment wall, and provides the calculation regions of wall arrangement and corresponding calculation formulas.