Abstract: Urbanization is a kind of land surface process controlled by human activities. Urbanization has a profound impact on the quantity and quality of water resources, which includes following aspects， such as the rain fall and runoff characteristics in urban district, inundation disaster, and quality of surface water. The actual research state of urban hydrology effect was discussed from the primary factors and the changes of urban hydrology characteristics, and the deficiencies of hydrologic investigation at present were put forward. It is therefore urgent to study the changes of surface runoff in urban and suburban areas and its relationship with eco - environmental imp acts for the sustainable development of cities.