[Objective] This study aims to investigate the differential impacts of varying rainfall intensity and types on urban flooding in the Jianghan Plain，provide scientific guidance to enhance urban waterlogging prevention and control capacity and advance the construction of resilient cities. [Methods] The urban area of Jingzhou was taken as the research area. Thirty-five groups of precipitation scenarios involving seven rainfall patterns and five recurrence intervals were constructed by adopting the fuzzy recognition method for rainfall patterns and the generalized extreme value method.The construction is based on the measured data of minute-by-minute precipitation and waterlogging depth from 1957 to 2024，as well as the surrounding geographic information data.Combined with the SWMM and LISFLOOD-FP waterlogging coupling model，the impact characteristics of different precipitation combination scenarios on the scope，depth，and duration of waterlogging were analyzed.The results are further used to clarify the response characteristics of urban waterlogging to different precipitation conditions. [Results] （1） With respect to the effects of rainfall patterns，type I （single-peak early-type rainfall） is not only the most prevalent pattern in short-time heavy precipitation events across Jingzhou’s urban area，accounting for 27.5%，but also the primary driver of severe urban waterlogging. Compared to the other six rainfall patterns，this pattern is characterized by concentrated precipitation and high intensity in the early stage，which tends to overload drainage systems within a short period. Consequently，it leads to more extensive and severe waterlogging，with earlier onset and peak times of water accumulation，as well as a higher average water depth. The suddenness and severity of waterlogging disasters are thus more pronounced. （2） As for the effects of recurrence intervals，across the 2-year to 100-year recurrence interval spectrum，extremely severe waterlogging is the dominant waterlogging type in Jingzhou’s urban area，with Rainfall Pattern I accounting for 8.0%-15.9%—7.6%-8.8% percentage points higher than the area covered by the least prevalent rainfall pattern. Spatially，the belt extending from the urban southeast to northwest，marked by low-lying topography and sparse drainage pipe networks，constitutes a high-risk zone for extremely severe waterlogging. Given the highest risk of waterlogging under extreme precipitation，this area should be prioritized for prevention and control measures.（3） With regard to disparities across local urban blocks，variations in block attributes give rise to distinct differences in waterlogging signatures. Notably，the Xueyuan road area，characterized by suboptimal drainage capacity，is disproportionately vulnerable to precipitation impacts. Under extreme precipitation scenarios，this area exhibits a 2.26 m higher peak waterlogging depth compared with the Liujiatai intersection of Jingzhou avenue，a site with superior drainage performance. Additionally，it experiences a 0.27 m greater mean waterlogging depth，a prolonged inundation duration，and consequently，elevated challenges for waterlogging mitigation and control. [Conclusions] This study elucidates the holistic characteristics and localized disparities of urban waterlogging in Jingzhou under variable rainfall intensities and patterns，identifies the high-risk zones，key drivers，and evolutionary trends of waterlogging hazards，and fills the critical research gap in prior investigations on Jingzhou’s urban waterlogging，which inadequately addressed the coupled impacts of rainfall intensity and pattern. The findings offer robust theoretical foundations and technical underpinnings for the design of waterlogging mitigation projects and the optimal upgrading of drainage infrastructure in Jingzhou’s urban area. Furthermore，they provide a valuable reference framework for waterlogging research and hazard mitigation initiatives in cities across the Jianghan Plain.