【目的】资源型缺水严重制约干旱灌区的农业生产,传统玉米生产模式地膜投入量大。在极端高温和生态环境污染的挑战日益加剧的情境下,探讨通过免耕地膜重复利用维持较高水分利用的可行性,以期为构建试区地膜减量玉米高效生产技术提供理论支撑。【方法】2017—2018年,在甘肃河西绿洲灌区,设置免耕地膜重复利用（免耕覆膜,NM）、秋免耕春覆膜（少耕覆膜,RM）与传统耕作每年覆盖新膜（传统覆膜,对照,CM）3种地膜覆盖利用方式,研究其对玉米田土壤水分利用的影响,以期为优化试区玉米高产高效栽培管理技术提供理论依据。【结果】NM与RM处理较CM处理提高玉米播种时0—120 cm土层平均土壤重量含水量,分别为7.8%与5.1%,这为玉米播种创造良好的土壤水分环境。玉米播种—拔节期及吐丝—灌浆初期,NM处理较CM处理提高0—120 cm土层平均土壤重量含水量,分别为5.0%与4.7%,弥补了灌浆期玉米植株旺盛生长对土壤水分的大量需求。与CM处理相比,NM处理增加了玉米播种—大喇叭口期的耗水量,降低了玉米吐丝—灌浆初期的耗水量,增大了玉米灌浆初期—收获期的耗水量,有效协调玉米各生育阶段的水分需求关系。虽然NM处理较RM与CM处理提高了玉米吐丝期之前的棵间蒸发量,分别为11.7%与26.0%,提高棵间蒸发量占耗水量的比例（E/ET）,分别为13.4%与19.9%,但是NM处理较RM与CM处理降低了玉米吐丝期之后的棵间蒸发量,分别为9.2%与19.4%,降低E/ET,分别为9.7%与20.7%,说明NM处理有利于增强玉米吐丝期之后土壤水分的有效利用。因而,在地膜减投与免耕措施下,NM处理获得与RM及CM处理相当的籽粒产量与水分利用效率。【结论】在西北干旱灌区,应用免耕地膜重复利用并没有导致玉米产量和水分利用效率的降低,具有稳定产量及水分利用效率的作用,是玉米生产中地膜减投的可行措施。

【Objective】Water resource scarcity is one of the most prominent constraints for agricultural production in arid irrigation areas, so maize production are mainly mulched with traditional plastic film. However, this process is increasingly challenged by extreme high-temperature and ecological environment pollution. This study investigated the feasibility of maintaining high water use via no tillage with plastic film reusing pattern, and the aim was to prove the theoretical support for the construction of efficient maize production technology with plastic film reduction.【Method】In 2017 and 2018, a field experiment was carried out in Hexi oasis irrigation region from Gansu province to determine the effects of different plastic film mulching and using patterns on soil water utilization of maize field. The treatments included no tillage with plastic film reusing pattern (no tillage with plastic film mulching, NM), no tillage in fall and new plastic film mulching in spring (reduced tillage with plastic film mulching, RM), and conventional tillage with annual new plastic film mulching (conventional tillage with plastic film mulching, the control, CM). 【Result】Compared with CM, the mean soil weight moisture content across the 0-120 cm soil depth was increased by 7.5% and 5.1% with NM and RM before the maize sowing, respectively, which created a good soil moisture environment for sowing of maize. NM had greater mean soil weight moisture content across the 0-120 cm soil depth by 5.0% and 4.7% than thant that under CM from sowing to jointing and silking to early-filling stages, respectively, which made up for the abundant demand of soil moisture for the vigorous growth of maize filling stage. Evapotranspiration under NM was increased until maize big-flare stage, decreased from maize silking to early-filling stage, and increased after maize early-filling stage, which was effectively coordinated with water demand contradiction of maize at each growth stages. Compared with RM and CM, NM increased soil evaporation before silking stage by 11.7% and 26.0%, and increased the ratio of soil evaporation to evapotranspiration (E/ET) by 13.4% and 19.9%, respectively. However, NM reduced soil evaporation after silking stage by 9.2% and 19.4%, and reduced E/ET by 9.7% and 20.7%, respectively. The results indicated that NM was beneficial to enhance the effective utilization of soil water after maize silking stage. Therefore, NM with no tillage and plastic film reduction obtained the same grain yield and water use efficiency for RM and CM.【Conclusion】The results showed that no tillage with plastic film reusing pattern did not lead to a decrease in the grain yield and water use efficiency of maize, compared with conventional tillage with annual new plastic film mulching, but it stabilized grain yield and water use efficiency, thus, this practice was a feasible measure to reduce plastic film input and stabilize productivity of maize production in the arid irrigated area of northwestern China.

This research aims to explore the dynamic transport of water and salt in soil under different irrigation modes and disclose the desalting effect of different irrigation factors in inland arid irrigation areas. Jingdian Irrigation District in Gansu Province, which is located in the arid region of Northwest China, is selected as a typical experimental area. Soil water and salt dynamic migration model is constructed based on HYDRUS-2D software, and field irrigation experiments are designed according to actual irrigation conditions in crop growth period. The model is used to simulate the salt transport process between saturated soil and unsaturated soil as well as the effects of different irrigation quotas, irrigation rounds and quota allocations on soil desalting. Through simulation, the vertical movement pattern of water and salt in the soil of the test area is analyzed, and the optimal design of the soil desalting irrigation plan is carried out. The results demonstrate that: after two-round irrigation, the average soil salinity of the tillage layer at each test points decreases significantly under evapotranspiration; the infiltration of irrigation water has an obvious impact on soil desalting; the deviation between the simulated and the measured value is less than 0.5%, which proves the model fitting result reliable; with fixed irrigation cycle and times, the soil desalting efficiency is higher when the irrigation quota falls in the range of 4000 6000 m(3)/hm(2); when the first round of irrigation water only saturates the moisture content and gradually increases the irrigation quota in the subsequent rounds, it is more conducive to the dissolution and discharge of soil salinity. In summary, the results of this study can provide technical support for the protection of water and soil resources, as well as the improvement of saline-alkali land in inland arid irrigation areas.

By 2018, 722 reservoirs (including power station reservoirs) will be built, with some of which had been built and are still partly under construction in Xinjiang (including Xingjing Production and Construction Corps), China giving a total storage capacity of nearly 295×10⁸m³. These reservoirs have effectively enhanced the efficiency of regulating and utilizing water resources and played an extremely crucial role in irrigation, water supply, flood control, power generation, tourism, etc. In line with the working principle given by the Ministry of Water Resources, “compensating the shortcomings of water conservancy projects and enhancing the supervision of water conservancy industry”, plans to address the problem of the imbalanced and insufficient utilization in water resources are proposed. These include building dozens of large and medium-sized mountain reservoirs, improving the information digitization management of dams, providing drinking water and industrial water against the background of satisfying ecological water, maximizing the benefits, and ensuring the safe operations of reservoir. This paper presents the work in terms of the flood risk analysis under climate changes, several key technologies used for dam construction, the replacement of plain reservoirs with mountain reservoirs, the concerns about river health and ecological regulation, reservoir dredging and its capacity enhancement, the digitization and intelligent dispatch of reservoirs, and extending the operating time of reservoirs.

The increasing complexity and high-dimensional nature of real-world optimization problems necessitate the development of advanced optimization algorithms. Traditional Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) often faces challenges such as local optima entrapment and slow convergence, limiting its effectiveness in complex tasks. This paper introduces a novel Hybrid Strategy Particle Swarm Optimization (HSPSO) algorithm, which integrates adaptive weight adjustment, reverse learning, Cauchy mutation, and the Hook-Jeeves strategy to enhance both global and local search capabilities. HSPSO is evaluated using CEC-2005 and CEC-2014 benchmark functions, demonstrating superior performance over standard PSO, Dynamic Adaptive Inertia Weight PSO (DAIW-PSO), Hummingbird Flight patterns PSO (HBF-PSO), Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (BOA), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), and Firefly Algorithm (FA). Experimental results show that HSPSO achieves optimal results in terms of best fitness, average fitness, and stability. Additionally, HSPSO is applied to feature selection for the UCI Arrhythmia dataset, resulting in a high-accuracy classification model that outperforms traditional methods. These findings establish HSPSO as an effective solution for complex optimization and feature selection tasks.© 2024. The Author(s).