基于长江岸线空间功能的理念,从历史演变的角度梳理了长江岸线开发功能分异的过程,总结了岸线开发功能定位的科学依据,并剖析了长江岸线开发的区域功能。归纳了长江岸线开发条件评估的技术体系,并综合分析了长江干流（宜宾以下）岸线的开发条件状况及利用现状,提出了长江岸线资源利用中存在的缺少科学的开发时序安排、资源潜力没有得到充分发挥、功能布局不合理、不当开发易造成生态破坏、缺少有效的管理机制等问题。最后,从推进法制建设,破除行政壁垒,建立有偿使用机制,促进功能协调等方面提出加强岸线资源管理的对策,以期为长江岸线科学有效管理与保护提供借鉴。

The coastline of the Three Gorges Reservoir area has many functions and is an important carrier for the construction of national economic facilities such as ports， wharves， roads and Bridges. The scientific and rational use of coastline resources is particularly important for regional economic development. Through the analysis， the main categories of shoreline utilization projects in the Three Gorges Reservoir area are clarified， and the benefit evaluation systems of port shoreline utilization projects， flood control and bank protection and ecological improvement projects in the Three Gorges Reservoir area are constructed respectively， and the corresponding benefit quantitative calculation models and estimation methods are put forward. The benefit quantitative evaluation and analysis of port shoreline utilization projects flood control and bank protection and ecological improvement projects in typical districts and counties of the Three Gorges Reservoir area are realized. This method system can provide reference for scientific planning， high quality and efficient development and utilization of the reservoir shoreline resources， ensuring the good ecological environment and promoting the sustainable development of the reservoir society and economy.

With the steady progress of the Yangtze River Protection Strategy, more and more attention has been paid to the protection and restoration of the Yangtze River shoreline. In the last five years, a large number of unreasonable and illegal uses of shoreline have been halted, and thus the Yangtze River ecosystem has been gradually restored. Both a shoreline protection system and a highly efficient utilization mode are urgently required. In combination with the Yangtze River Protection Law as well as relevant regulations and studies, this article provides a series of suggestions concerning protection, utilization, restoration, and management of the Yangtze River shoreline. (C) 2021 Hohai University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.

长江及其流域生态环境保护是长江经济带建设的基础和重要的支撑保障。长江横贯中国东中西三大地带,水量丰沛、水生态系统服务价值巨大。长江经济带生态区位重要,生态系统类型多样,生物多样性丰富,自然与人为因素影响下的生态环境变化呈现明显的区域差异。本文在系统分析长江经济带生态环境现状特征的基础上,总结了长江经济带面临的灾害威胁大、环境污染重和生态退化快等主要生态环境问题与威胁,提出了建设长江经济带绿色生态保障工程体系,加快形成开发集约集中、生态自然开敞的国土空间开发格局,加大生态系统完整性和连通性建设与保护力度,强化节能减排和流域环境综合治理,以及率先建立和完善生态文明制度体系等生态环境保护总体策略,确保长江经济带成为“水清地绿天蓝”的绿色生态走廊。

Eco-environment protection of the Yangtze River and its river basin is the important foundation and support for the construction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). Crossing the western, central, and eastern regions of China, the Yangtze River has abundant water resources and significant ecosystem service functions. Moreover, the YREB has an important location ecologically, with diverse ecosystem types and rich biodiversity; strongly affected by human activities and natural factors, the main trend of ecological environment change, which are dominated by ecological degradation and declining environmental quality, shows significant regional differences. Based on the analysis of the basic characteristics of the environment of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, this study identified the major environmental problems and threats it faces. First, natural disasters are of diverse types and widely distributed in the YREB and have caused heavy losses. Second, water and air pollutions are still serious. Third, the ecosystems are fragile and sensitive and ecological degradation is rapidly progressing. This study proposes a series of ecological environment protection strategies, including the construction of the green ecological protection project of the Yangtze River Economic Belt; accelerating the formation of a land development pattern dominated by intensive, concentrated spatial development and natural and open ecological space; strengthening the development and protection of ecosystem integrity and connectivity; strengthening energy conservation and comprehensive watershed environmental management; as well as setting up and improving the system on ecological civilization construction.

三峡工程自2003年蓄水发电至今已运行20 a,初步设计主要功能全部实现,并适应运行条件变化和发展需求持续优化运行方式,防洪、发电、航运、水资源利用等综合效益全面发挥。截至2023年底,三峡工程累计拦洪运用66次,拦蓄洪水超2 088亿m³,确保了荆江河段防洪安全,极大减轻了长江中下游防洪压力;累计发出清洁电能超16 600亿kW·h,相当于节约标准煤5.1亿t,减少二氧化碳排放13.3亿t;极大改善了库区与长江中游航道条件,累计通过货运量超20亿t,有力促进了长江航运快速发展;枯水期累计向下游补水约3 400亿m³,有效保障了长江中下游供水安全;生态调度成效显著,四大家鱼资源量明显恢复。为了应对频发的极端水文事件带来的风险和挑战,确保三峡工程长期安全运行和持续发挥巨大综合效益,从推进气象水文预报技术研究与应用、三峡水库调度运行方案优化、创新成果转化运用、智慧化管理等方面提出了下一步工作展望。