PDF(2496 KB)
Evolution Characteristics of Typical Cross-section in the Middle Reaches of Tarim River
ZHANG Xiao-ying, ZHANG Wen-bo, LIU Qi, LI Lin, ZHANG Ling-kai
Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5) : 23-31.
PDF(2496 KB)
PDF(2496 KB)
Evolution Characteristics of Typical Cross-section in the Middle Reaches of Tarim River
[Objective] This study aims to quantitatively identify the main hydrological driving factors of channel morphological changes in the middle reaches of the Tarim River; to be specific, the effects of discharge, daily discharge variation, sediment concentration, and daily sediment concentration variation on channel erosion-deposition dynamics. It also aims to quantify the seasonal relationships between key driving factors and morphological responses in different hydrological periods (dry season before flood, medium-water season before flood, flood season, and post-flood season), and to clarify the differentiated morphological evolution patterns of straight, naturally braided, and artificially straightened reaches under different discharge conditions. [Methods] A high-resolution two-dimensional flow and sediment transport model was established for a typical 8.41 km reach at the Tatilike Village section of the mainstream of the Tarim River. A high-precision initialization method was innovatively adopted. The airborne laser bathymetry was carried out in the dry season (April 1, 2023) to minimize the interference of suspended sediment, and a high-precision digital elevation model with a resolution of 3 m was generated as the initial riverbed topography. One-dimensional and two-dimensional models were coupled, and the validated one-dimensional model provided boundary conditions for the two-dimensional model, including the temporal discharge series at the inlet boundary and the temporal water depth series at the outlet boundary. With integrated spatiotemporal analysis, this model simulated daily morphological changes from April 1, 2023 to November 30, 2023, and output data at 21 characteristic cross-sections, cross-sections in braided reaches, and cross-sections in artificially straightened reaches. [Results] Compared with discharge, sediment concentration, and daily sediment concentration variation, daily discharge variation was the main hydrological factor affecting the intensity of erosion and deposition at the thalweg of channel cross-sections. In different hydrological periods, including the dry season before flood, the medium-water season before flood, the flood season, and the post-flood season, the correlation between daily discharge variation and daily thalweg elevation variation showed an increasing trend, with the strongest correlation in the post-flood season. The erosion and deposition process of the river channel exhibited significant seasonal differentiation. The influence of different periods on the evolution of the main channel followed the order: post-flood season>flood season>medium-water season before flood >dry season before flood. [Conclusion] Daily discharge variation is the main driving factor controlling daily riverbed elevation changes and exhibits clear seasonal characteristics. Their correlation gradually increases from the dry season before flood to the post-flood season and reaches the strongest relationship and maximum net erosion intensity after the flood peak. Given the significant impact of the post-flood season on channel reshaping, management strategies should prioritize monitoring during this period and prepare for possible interventions. The established evolution intensity sequence (post-flood season > flood season > medium-water season before flood>dry season before flood) provides a framework for predicting periods of high geomorphic activity and related ecological impacts, such as habitat gain and loss, and bank slope stability. The differentiated evolution trajectories of braided channels and the intensive erosion-dominated adjustment of artificially straightened reaches indicate that management and restoration measures must be tailored to specific reach types. This study provides a scientific basis for river planning and for responding to water diversion, climate change, or engineering interventions, and will effectively support the sustainable restoration practices of the Tarim River ecosystem.
characteristic sections / evolution trend / numerical simulation / hydrological factor / Tarim River
| [1] |
|
| [2] |
张小莹, 刘淇, 肖玉磊, 等. 近10年塔里木河干流中游蜿蜒形态演变规律[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2025, 42(4): 27-35.
为了揭示塔里木河干流典型蜿蜒型河流形态的形成及河道冲淤演变规律,基于遥感影像,用套绘的形式总结了塔里木河中游乌斯满—阿其克段近10 a河道边界的平面形态变化类型。结合实测大断面和水文资料,用河相关系分析了河道在不同时间下横断面的稳定性。结果表明:①塔里木河中游乌斯满—阿其克段河流平面几何形态演变主要分为4种单一变形(正偏、负偏、延伸、缩拢)以及4种组合变形(正偏+延伸、正偏+缩拢、负偏+延伸、负偏+缩拢)共8种形式,研究河段正偏+延伸变形占比最大。②提出描述河道平面的主要演变类型的形态参数偏移度与展宽度及其计算方法,发现影响偏移度的最主要因素是年径流量,其次是年输沙量和造床流量,洪水是影响展宽度的重要因素。③研究河段近年来河相系数增大,河床纵向趋于稳定,河床横向的稳定性沿程增大。研究成果对于塔里木河中游蜿蜒型河流防洪工程建设、河道整治具有重要的参考价值。
(
|
| [3] |
李云, 范子武, 吴时强, 等. 大型行蓄洪区洪水演进数值模拟与三维可视化技术[J]. 水利学报, 2005, 36(10): 1158-1164.
(
|
| [4] |
张玉江, 郭庆超, 祁伟, 等. 塔里木河干流堤防建设对输水输沙影响研究[J]. 泥沙研究, 2015, 40(4):52-58.
(
|
| [5] |
刘淇, 张小莹, 李琳, 等. 人工神经网络在塔里木河中游流量预测中的应用[J]. 水文, 2025, 45(3): 64-71.
(
|
| [6] |
袁寄望, 宗全利, 冯博. 塔里木河河槽形态调整特点及影响因素[J]. 水利水电科技进展, 2019, 39(3): 24-32.
(
|
| [7] |
林诺菲, 夏军强, 周美蓉, 等. 黄河下游游荡河段典型断面主槽与深泓横向摆动特点[J]. 泥沙研究, 2023, 48(5): 61-69.
(
|
| [8] |
李洁, 夏军强, 邓珊珊, 等. 近30年黄河下游河道深泓线摆动特点[J]. 水科学进展, 2017, 28(5):652-661.
(
|
| [9] |
柳明洋, 李春光, 赵文娟, 等. 连续弯道中河心洲可侵蚀层对水动力的影响分析[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2022, 41(12):107-113,130.
(
|
| [10] |
孙东坡, 刘明潇, 张晓雷, 等. 冲积性河流河床冲淤调整对洪水泥沙过程的响应:以黄河游荡型河段为例[J]. 水科学进展, 2014, 25(5):668-676.
(
|
| [11] |
张春晋, 郭淑君, 张敏, 等. 黄河下游游荡性河段心滩形态特征与水沙过程响应关系[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2024, 41(5): 8-17, 25.
黄河下游游荡性河段素以调整速度快与幅度大著称,河道心滩复杂多变,探究心滩形态特征与水沙过程之间的响应关系对于解析下游游荡性河段的河床演变机制具有重要的意义。围绕黄河下游铁谢至高村游荡性河段的心滩面积与数量等形态特征指标,结合下游水沙及冲淤特性,采用遥感影像和数值模拟相结合的研究方法厘清游荡性河段水沙过程与心滩面积及数量之间的响应关系,揭示水沙变化对心滩形态特征的影响机制。结果表明:自小浪底水库运用以来,下游河道发生剧烈冲刷,游荡性河段累计冲刷量15.37亿m<sup>3</sup>,占下游累计冲刷量的68%;在小浪底水库运用以前,游荡性河段的心滩面积与数量年际变化剧烈,存在着明显的增长与降低变化过程,而小浪底水库运用以后,该河段的心滩面积与数量呈现先减小后增大再减小的变化趋势;随着4 a滑动汛期平均流量和4 a滑动汛期平均来沙系数的增加,游荡性河段的心滩面积及数量分别呈现出减小和增大的变化趋势。数值模拟方法不仅可以较好地再现心滩发育及演变过程,还可以定性地表征特定水动力学因素对心滩形态特征塑造的影响,为阐明游荡性河段的心滩演变理论提供了一种新的研究方法。研究成果不仅有助于阐明河流平面形态的调整过程,还可为今后河道整治工程的布局提供理论支撑。
(
The wandering reach of the lower Yellow River are characterized by rapid adjustments and significant morphological changes, particularly evident in the complexity and variability of mid-channel bars. Understanding the response relationship between morphological characteristics of these mid-channel bars and the water-sediment processes is crucial for analyzing the evolution mechanisms in the wandering reach of the lower Yellow River. In this study we examined the morphological features (area and quantity) of mid-channel bars along the wandering reach from Tiexie to Gaocun. Based on water-sediment and scouring-deposition characteristics, we elucidated the relationship between the area and quantity of mid-channel bars and the water-sediment processes to unveil the mechanisms underlying the impact of hydrological changes on mid-channel bar morphology via remote sensing and numerical simulation. Our findings reveal that since the operation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir, the downstream channel has experienced significant erosion, with the wandering reach contributing 68% of the cumulative scouring in the downstream, reaching 1.537 billion m<sup>3</sup>. Before the operation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir, mid-channel bars in the wandering reach exhibited notable interannual fluctuations in area and quantity, characterized by periods of growth and decline. However, after the operation, the area and quantity of mid-channel bars initially decreased, followed by an increase, and then subsequent decline. Moreover, along with the increase of four-year sliding average flow rate and incoming-sediment coefficient during flood seasons, the area and quantity of mid-channel bars displayed downward and upward trends, respectively. Numerical simulations not only accurately replicate the development and evolution of mid-channel bars but also elucidate the qualitative impact of specific hydrodynamic factors on their morphology. This comprehensive analysis not only advances our understanding of river plane morphology adjustments but also provides theoretical insights for future river regulation projects.
|
| [12] |
赵科锋, 曹慧群, 罗平安. 河道二维数值模拟地形数据前处理精细化研究[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2021, 38(3):16-19.
数值模型是分析河流水动力水质演变规律的重要方法。通过对MIKE21模型边界等间距取节点,并进行编码,实现实测河道断面地形沿河道弯曲方向的精细化插值,为河道数值建模提供优化后的地形数据。为了说明此方法的优越性,选取荆门城区某河流部分河段作为研究对象,利用Python完成程序的编写,对实测河道断面数据进行精细化插值运算,并对比地形精细化处理前后与实际地形的差别。结论认为,经过对6组断面插值运算,河道地形得以细化,减少了模型运算错误率,使得模型更趋近于真实情况。
(
Establishing a numerical model is an important approach of analyzing the evolution law of hydrodynamics and water quality of river. In the purpose of providing optimized topography data for numerical model, the nodes of the MIKE21 model boundary are equally spaced and coded to interpolate the measured topography of river section along the river bend direction. To verify the superiority of this method, a river segment of Jingmen City is selected as research object to illustrate the interpolation of topography data by Python programming. The terrains before and after the refinement processing are compared with the actual terrain. Results suggest that after the interpolation of measured cross-section, the river topography is refined, the operational error rate of model is reduced, and the modeling result is closer to the real situation.
|
| [13] |
|
| [14] |
As the largest inland river in China, the Tarim River’s flood events significantly influence its riverbed formation. This paper took the Alar to Xinquman section of the Tarim River as the study area. The study area’s digital elevation model of the river was constructed using historical Google images and Copernicus DEM 30. Six different flood events were selected, corresponding to flood events with varying sediment loads, flood volumes, and peak flow volumes. The MIKE 21 software was used to simulate and investigate the response of the riverbed shape to different flood events. The experimental findings indicate that the sand content constitutes a pivotal factor in the formation of the riverbed during flood events. Flood sediment load goes through stages linked to changes in riverbed erosion and deposition. The combination of high peak flow and bed-forming flow after the peak effectively shapes the central channel’s morphology. The fourth type of flood event had the highest sediment transport coefficient Φ among the six types of floods and caused the most significant scouring effect on the riverbed under low sediment load conditions.
|
| [15] |
|
| [16] |
陈志康, 宗全利, 蔡杭兵. 典型荒漠植被根系对塔里木河岸坡冲刷过程影响试验研究[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2022, 39(1): 56-62, 69.
为探讨植被根系对河岸冲刷过程的影响作用,取新疆塔里木河岸坡原状土,选取当地优势灌木红柳、乔木胡杨根系,通过室内水槽试验,分析不同植被根系对河岸冲刷起防护作用的贡献率。结果表明:①无根系河岸水下淘刷形式主要为圆弧状,下部抗冲能力差;有根系河岸的淘刷形式主要为三角形,下部抗冲能力强,上部悬空层的稳定性好。②根系的网络固土作用使河岸的抗冲能力提高12%~42%;相同植被根系河岸,根系的布置方式对河岸的固土能力有显著差异,V型根系的固土作用优于竖直型;不同植被根系河岸,红柳根系的固土能力大于胡杨根系,平均提高27%。③根土胶结崩塌体堆积形式主要为三角形,且堆积体的占比大于无根系崩塌体;红柳根系胶结崩塌体的分解速率最慢;根系牵拉系数可作为反应根系对河床防护作用贡献的参数,实际计算中可按1.15~2.52进行估算。研究结果可为塔里木河河道岸坡防护提供理论参考。
(
In the purpose of exploring the effect of vegetation roots on riverbank erosion process, the contribution rate of different vegetation roots to riverbank erosion protection was examined via indoor flume experiments. The undisturbed soil samples were taken from the banks of the Tarim River in Xinjiang, and the roots of local dominant shrubs <i>Tamarix ramosissima</i> and <i>Populus arbores</i> were selected as research objects. Results demonstrated that: (1) Rootless river bank mainly suffered from arc-shaped erosion with insufficient anti-scouring ability in the lower part, while rooted river bank mainly saw triangular erosion with strong anti-scouring ability in the lower part and good stability in the upper suspended layer. (2) The soil-fixing effect of the root system enhanced the impact resistance of river bank by 12%-42%. Given the root system of the same vegetation, the soil-fixing ability of the river bank differed remarkably with the arrangement of the root system: V-shaped root system had a superior soil-fixing effect than vertical system.<i> Tamarix ramosissima</i> root system had a better soil-fixing ability than <i>Populus euphratica</i> by 27% on average. (3) Root-soil cemented collapse body accumulated mainly in a triangular shape, and the proportion of accumulation is larger than that of non-rooted collapse; <i>Tamarix ramosissima</i> root cement collapse decomposed in a smallest rate. In addition, the root traction coefficient can be used to reflect the contribution of roots to riverbed protection, and can be estimated as 1.15~2.52 in calculation. The research findings offer theoretical basis for the slope protection of the Tarim River.
|
| [17] |
贾威, 张凌凯, 丁旭升. 塔里木河干流沿岸风积沙物理力学特性及其影响机制[J]. 重庆大学学报, 2025, 48(6): 34-44.
(
|
| [18] |
The Brahmaputra River has a dynamic, highly braided channel pattern with frequent river bar formation, making it morphologically very dynamic, especially during the monsoon season with high discharge and sediment load. To understand how the river changes over time, this study focused on two stretches: Palasbari-Gumi and Dibrugarh. Using 2D morphological models (MIKE-21C), the study aimed to predict erosion patterns, plan protective measures, and assess morphological changes over short-term (1 year), medium-term (3 year), and long-term (5 year) periods. Model runs were conducted to predict design variables across these river reaches, encompassing different hydrological scenarios and development-planning scenarios. The coarse sand fraction yielded mean annual sediment load predictions of 257 Mt/year for the 2021 hydrological year and 314 Mt/year under bankfull discharge conditions in the Palasbari-Gumi reach. In the Dibrugarh reach, the corresponding values were 78 Mt/year and 100 Mt/year. Notably, historical records indicate an annual sediment load of 400 Mt/year in the Brahmaputra River. The model results were compared to measurements from Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP), showing good accuracy for flow velocities, flood levels, and sediment loads. Discrepancies in peak model velocities compared to ADCP measurements remain consistently below 9% across the majority of recorded data points. The predicted flood levels for the bankfull discharge condition exhibited an outstanding accuracy, reaching nearly 91% at the Palasbari-Gumi site and a notable 95% at the Dibrugarh site. This study has presented a valuable methodology for enhancing the strategic planning and implementation of river training endeavours, particularly within the dynamic and highly braided channels of rivers such as the Brahmaputra River. The approach leverages predictive models to predict morphological changes over a 2–3 years timeframe, contributing to improved river management.
|
| [19] |
李炜. 水力计算手册[M]. 2版. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2006.
(
|
| [20] |
段圆圆, 周祖昊, 刘蛟, 等. 流量与含沙量相关性对输沙效率影响的研究[J]. 水利水电技术, 2012, 43(12): 64-66, 73.
(
|
| [21] |
After the Xiaolangdi Reservoir (XLDR) was put into operation, new water and sediment conditions have improved the silting condition of the Lower Yellow River (LYR), but against this background, the flow capacity of the LYR has become more complex. In this research, the measured water and sediment data of seven hydrological stations in the LYR from 1950 to 2020 were systematically collated. The evolution trend and development period of the bankfull discharge in this area were studied based on the wavelet analysis method, and the main factors influencing the evolution of the bankfull discharge were explored. The results indicate that the evolution process of bankfull discharge in the LYR has experienced two phases in the last 70 years. XLDR has been impounded since October 1999. Before XLDR operation, the bankfull discharge of the LYR has a main time scale of about 26 years. After XLDR operation began, it has a time scale of about 10 years. The bankfull discharge of the LYR shows two phases of evolution, and these phases are mainly influenced by the factors of water and sediment conditions. This research is needed for a deeper understanding of flow-bed and river discharge and sediment transport capacity under the water and sediment conditions in the LYR.© 2022. The Author(s).
|
| [22] |
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
