Grouting Technology for Fully-Strongly Weathered Granite Strata in Upper Reservoir of Pumped Storage Power Stations

HUANG Bin-cai, WU Qiu-hua, GAN Wei, XU Song, FANG Lei, MA Hong-yan, XIE Sen-hua

Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4) : 158-165.

PDF(36530 KB)
PDF(36530 KB)
Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4) : 158-165. DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20250212
ROCK-SOIL ENGINEERING

Grouting Technology for Fully-Strongly Weathered Granite Strata in Upper Reservoir of Pumped Storage Power Stations

Author information +
History +

Abstract

[Objective] This study aims to propose a new grouting technology to effectively solve the anti-seepage problem of fully-strongly weathered granite strata by optimizing grouting technology and material mix proportion, and to investigate the anti-seepage effects of frequency-pressure grouting technology in such strata. [Methods] An anti-seepage project of fully-strongly weathered granite strata in the upper reservoir of a pumped-storage power station under construction was taken as the research object. An equilateral triangle hole layout was adopted, and five groups of grouting tests (A, B, C, D, E) were conducted sequentially in Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ holes. The influences of grouting technologies (constant-pressure grouting and frequency-pressure grouting), grouting hole spacing (60, 120, 180 cm), and grouting materials (pure cement slurry and cement-bentonite mixed slurry with five water-to-cement ratios of 5∶1, 3∶1, 2∶1, 1∶1, and 0.5∶1) on the anti-seepage effects of grouting in such strata were compared and analyzed. The grouting effects were further evaluated using permeability tests, single-hole ultrasonic tests, single-hole shear wave velocity tests, and borehole color television tests. [Results] Field grouting trials demonstrated that frequency-pressure grouting technology significantly optimized the grouting effect of fully-strongly weathered granite strata through dynamic pressure adaptation and precise flow control, and it was superior to traditional constant-pressure grouting in terms of permeability coefficient control, material cost efficiency, and fracture filling integrity. Cement-bentonite mixed slurry had better controllability than pure cement slurry, especially in addressing leakage during grouting, and it also greatly reduced the large grout consumption caused by grout leakage and the extended construction period caused by multiple waiting times for grout to set. For fully-strongly weathered granite strata with low strength and loose soil, water pressure tests could not be completed, and only water injection tests were conducted to assess permeability before and after grouting. Single-hole shear wave velocity tests could reflect the density of strata before and after grouting to some extent. Grouting spacing in the range of 60-180 cm had no significant effect on the grouting outcomes, whereas the use of frequency-pressure grouting technology effectively improved the compactness of strata and notably increased shear wave velocity. After frequency-pressure grouting treatment, the permeability coefficient of fully-strongly weathered granite strata decreased from the order of magnitude of 10-3 to 10-5, indicating a great improvement in anti-seepage capacity. This demonstrated the feasibility of applying frequency-pressure grouting technology for anti-seepage treatment of fully-strongly weathered granite strata, and it could partially or completely replace the traditional cut-off wall scheme, thereby simplifying anti-seepage treatment, reducing construction cost, and minimizing strata excavation. [Conclusion] Compared with traditional grouting methods, frequency-pressure grouting can smoothly adjust grouting pressure and inflow rate according to the characteristics of the grouted strata and real-time grouting feedback, which can avoid excessive fracturing of low-strength strata, uncontrolled grout diffusion, and excessive grout consumption. This technology can be applied to anti-seepage treatment of fully-strongly weathered granite strata. Combined with cement-bentonite mixed slurry, this technology can effectively solve problems such as grout leakage and excessive grout consumption encountered with traditional grouting methods.

Key words

fully-strongly weathered granite strata / grouting technology / upper reservoir of pumped storage power station / anti-seepage treatment

Cite this article

Download Citations
HUANG Bin-cai , WU Qiu-hua , GAN Wei , et al . Grouting Technology for Fully-Strongly Weathered Granite Strata in Upper Reservoir of Pumped Storage Power Stations[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute. 2026, 43(4): 158-165 https://doi.org/10.11988/ckyyb.20250212

References

[1]
张必勇, 马力刚, 尹春明. 北山抽水蓄能电站上水库防渗地质条件研究[J]. 人民长江, 2024, 55(增刊1):86-92.
(Zhang Bi-yong, Ma Li-gang, Yin Chun-ming. Study on Anti-seepage Geological Conditions of Upper Reservoir of Beishan Pumped Storage Power Station[J]. Yangtze River, 2024, 55(Supp.1): 86-92. (in Chinese))
[2]
赵泓宇, 吴海民, 束一鸣, 等. 抽水蓄能电站上水库防渗土工膜弹性变形性能试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2025, 47(11): 2431-2440.
(Zhao Hong-yu, Wu Hai-min, Shu Yi-ming, et al. Experimental Study on Elastic Deformation Properties of Geomembranes Used as Barriers in Upper Reservoir of Pumped Storage Power Stations[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2025, 47(11): 2431-2440. (in Chinese))
[3]
NB/T10072—2018,抽水蓄能电站设计规范[S]. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2018.
(NB/T 10072-2018, National Energy Administration. Design Code for Pumped Storage Power Plants[S]. Beijing: China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Press, 2018. (in Chinese))
[4]
陈华俊. 岩溶库区帷幕灌浆技术及其工艺参数优化[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2022, 39(7): 144-148, 153.
Abstract
中国西南岩溶地区缺水问题有望通过修建水库蓄水来解决,但该区域内广泛发育的岩溶漏斗、落水洞等会使水库内蓄水渗漏。灌浆帷幕是降低库区岩层渗透性的有效手段,低成本高质量帷幕灌浆的关键在于优化灌浆工艺及其参数。采用室内试验、数值模拟和现场试验相结合的方法,对灌浆材料配比、钻孔间距、灌浆压力、帷幕底界和灌浆工艺进行优化。结果表明:将水灰比控制在1∶1~1∶3之间,单排钻孔布置,孔距2.0 m,灌浆压力1~2 MPa,帷幕底界控制深度为风化层深度以下10 m处,分段灌注且第一、第二及以后各段的长度分别为2、3、5 m,可实现德厚库区灌浆帷幕体系透水率<5 Lu的目标。该研究可为德厚库区灌浆帷幕工艺参数优化提供理论与试验支撑,为西南岩溶发育区类似项目的建设提供参考。
(Chen Hua-jun. Optimizing Parameters of Grouting Curtain Seepage Control Engineering in Karst Reservoir Area[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2022, 39(7): 144-148, 153. (in Chinese))
Water shortage in the karst areas of southwest China is expected to be solved by building reservoirs to store water.However,the widespread development of karst funnels and sinkholes in this area will cause the leakage of water storage in the reservoir and finally result in the failure of water conservancy projects.Grouting curtain is an effective means to reduce the permeability of rock in the reservoir area.The key to accomplish the project with low cost and high quality is to optimize the grouting curtain process and its parameters.In this research,the mix proportion of grouting material,the spacing between boreholes,the grouting pressure,the bottom boundary of curtain,and the grouting techniques were optimized by combining laboratory experiment,numerical simulation,and field test.Results demonstrated that the permeability of grouting curtain system in Dehou reservoir area can be controlled less than 5 Lu if the following conditions are met:water-cement ratio is controlled between 1∶1-1∶3,the boreholes are arranged in a single row with the hole spacing at 2.0 m,the grouting pressure is 1-2 MPa,the control depth of the curtain's bottom boundary is 10 m below the depth of the weathering layer,the grouting is carried out in segments,and the length of the first,second and subsequent segments are 2 m,3 m and 5 m,respectively.The research findings offer theoretical and experimental support for the optimization of grouting curtain parameters in Dehou reservoir area,and also provide reference for similar projects in karst area in southwest China.
[5]
黄斌, 郭先强, 曹登超. 塑性混凝土防渗墙施工技术研究与应用[J]. 人民黄河, 2024, 46(增刊1):157-158.
(Huang Bin, Guo Xian-qiang, Cao Deng-chao. Research and Application of Plastic Concrete Cutoff Wall Construction Technology[J]. Yellow River, 2024, 46(Supp.1): 157-158. (in Chinese))
[6]
束一鸣, 吴海民, 姜晓桢. 中国水库大坝土工膜防渗技术进展[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2016, 38(增刊1): 1-9.
(Shu Yi-ming, Wu Hai-min, Jiang Xiao-zhen. Progress of Geomembrane Seepage Control Technology for Reservoir Dams in China[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2016, 38(Supp.1): 1-9. (in Chinese))
[7]
肖重华, 刘龙虎, 刘恒福, 等. 高压喷射灌浆防渗技术在水库大坝基础处理中的应用[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2007, 34(6): 126-128.
(Xiao Chong-hua, Liu Long-hu, Liu Heng-fu, et al. Application of Jet Grouting Impervious Wall Technique in the Sealing up of Reservoir Dam Base[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2007, 34(6): 126-128. (in Chinese))
[8]
詹程远, 梁垒, 许德友. 水泥灌浆参数智能感知与高效管控装备[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2025, 42(8):162-169.
Abstract
水利水电工程中,灌浆是保障水工挡水建筑物稳定和防渗的关键施工环节,但传统灌浆监控设备在精确性、智能化和效率方面存在不足。研究旨在通过创新设计新一代灌浆参数智能感知与高效管控装备,实现灌浆过程的全自动化运行及预警反馈控制,提高工程管理效率、施工质量和安全。设计了智能集中制浆站、智能压力调节与冲洗装置、智能灌浆控制协调中心及数字化灌浆记录单元,并将其融合成新一代灌浆参数智能感知与高效管控装备;同时,开发了基于多重触控的多通道人机交互易用界面,以实现灌浆过程的配浆、送浆、调压、灌浆的全自动化运行管理,并通过实验与工程应用验证了该装备功能的可行性。与传统灌浆监控设备相比,施工质量显著提升,施工效率提高了30%以上。新一代灌浆参数智能感知与高效管控装备在水利水电工程灌浆施工中效果显著,实现了灌浆过程的自动化、智能化和高效化,为工程的高质量建设提供了有力支持,具有广阔的应用前景。
(Zhan Cheng-yuan, Liang Lei, Xu De-you. Intelligent Sensing and Efficient Control Equipment for Cement Grouting Parameters[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2025, 42(8):162-169. (in Chinese))

[Objective] In water conservancy and hydropower engineering, grouting is a key construction process to ensure the stability and leakage safety of hydraulic retaining structures. However, traditional grouting monitoring equipment exhibits deficiencies in accuracy, level of intelligence, and construction efficiency. This study aims to achieve fully automated operation and early warning feedback control of the grouting process by innovatively designing a new generation of intelligent sensing and efficient control equipment for grouting parameters, thereby improving engineering management efficiency, construction quality, and safety. [Methods] This study designed an intelligent centralized slurry station, an intelligent pressure regulation and flushing device, an intelligent grouting control coordination center, and a digital grouting recording unit, and integrated them into a new generation of intelligent sensing and efficient control equipment for grouting parameters. Additionally, a multi-channel, user-friendly human-computer interaction interface based on multi-touch control was developed to realize the fully automated operation and unified coordination management of the grouting process, including slurry preparation, slurry delivery, pressure regulation, and grouting. [Results] Through experiments and practical engineering applications, this equipment was verified to achieve fully automated operation of the grouting process, significantly improving the accuracy and intelligence of grouting construction. By implementing early warning feedback control and unified coordination management functions during the grouting process, construction safety was effectively ensured, and project management efficiency was enhanced. Compared to traditional grouting monitoring equipment, construction efficiency was increased by more than 30%, and construction quality was significantly improved. [Conclusions] The new generation of intelligent sensing and efficient control equipment for grouting parameters shows remarkable effectiveness in the grouting construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects, achieving automated, intelligent, and efficient grouting process, providing strong support for high-quality project construction and showing broad application prospects.

[9]
童亮, 刘涛. 浅析东南沿海地区花岗岩球状风化体发育特征及对桩基工程的影响[J]. 资源信息与工程, 2017, 32(1): 137-139, 141.
(Tong Liang, Liu Tao. Analysis on the Development Characteristics of Granite Spherical Weathering Body in Southeast Coastal Areas and Its Influence on Pile Foundation Engineering[J]. Resource Information and Engineering, 2017, 32(1): 137-139, 141. (in Chinese))
[10]
王浩, 刘成禹, 陈志波. 闽东南花岗岩球状风化不良地质发育特征及其工程地质问题[J]. 工程地质学报, 2011, 19(4): 564-569.
(Wang Hao, Liu Cheng-yu, Chen Zhi-bo. Granite Spherical Weathering Features and Related Engineering Geological Problems in the Southeast Area of Fujian Province[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2011, 19(4): 564-569. (in Chinese))
[11]
徐燕, 李江, 黄涛, 等. 深厚覆盖层上超深防渗墙细部设计问题探讨[J]. 水利水电技术, 2019, 50(12):151-156.
(Xu Yan, Li Jiang, Huang Tao, et al. Discussion on Detail Design of Ultra-deep Cut-off Wall on Deep Overburden[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 2019, 50(12): 151-156. (in Chinese))
[12]
王凯. 全风化花岗岩富水地层注浆加固机理及应用[D]. 济南: 山东大学, 2017.
(Wang Kai. Mechanism of Grouting Reinforcement for Completely Weathered Granite with Rich Water and Its Application[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2017. (in Chinese))
[13]
刘文永. 注浆材料与施工工艺[M]. 北京: 中国建材工业出版社, 2008.
(Liu Wen-yong. Grouting Materials and Construction Technology[M]. Beijing: China Building Material Industry Publishing House, 2008. (in Chinese))
PDF(36530 KB)

Accesses

Citation

Detail

Sections
Recommended

/