高地应力地下厂房高边墙围岩支护强度的评价对于保证大型地下工程围岩稳定性具有重要意义。猴子岩水电站地下厂房地应力高、强度应力比低,施工开挖中出现喷混凝土开裂、岩锚梁错位、岩体开裂、锚墩内陷等典型的围岩变形破坏现象,对洞室安全造成严重威胁。通过多点位移计、锚杆和锚索的应力监测数据分析,将猴子岩和锦屏Ⅰ级水电站地下厂房进行比较,提出了预应力锚索和锚杆的单位面积预应力支护强度计算方法,并根据评价结果对局部洞段进行针对性的围岩补强支护设计。结果表明:猴子岩地下厂房围岩变形整体上比同期的锦屏Ⅰ级围岩变形大,而锚索应力水平比锦屏Ⅰ级小,锚杆应力水平整体相当;猴子岩地下厂房下游边墙的支护强度大于锦屏Ⅰ级下游边墙的支护强度,上游边墙的支护强度小于锦屏Ⅰ级下游边墙相应部位支护强度,猴子岩地下厂房上游边墙补强支护后的围岩变形得到有效控制,表明了补强措施的有效性。研究可为类似高地应力地下洞室围岩支护设计和支护强度评价提供参考和借鉴。

Assessing the support strength of surrounding rock of high sidewall is of crucial significance for the surrounding rock stability in underground projects of high geostress. Due to high geostress and low strength-to-stress ratio, the underground powerhouse of Houziyan Hydropower Station experienced typical deformations and failures of surrounding rock during construction and excavation, including cracking of shotcrete layer, dislocation between rock anchor beam and anchor pier, and cracking of rock mass, posing severe threat to the safety of the underground cavern. By analyzing the data from multi-point displacement meter and anchor stress monitoring, we proposed the formula and method for assessing the prestressed supporting strength per unit area of prestressed anchor cables and anchor rods, and further designed corresponding reinforcement measures for sidewalls according to the assessment results. Our findings revealed that the deformation of the surrounding rock of Houziyan underground powerhouse was larger than that of the Jinping I-stage project in the same period, while the stress level of anchor cable was smaller, and the overall stress level of anchor rod was equivalent to that of Jinping I-stage project. The supporting strength of Houziyan's downstream sidewall was larger than that of Jinping's downstream sidewall, whereas that of upstream side wall lower than that of Jinping's downstream sidewall. In the later period, the deformation and displacement of surrounding rock after the reinforcement of the upstream and downstream sidewalls of Houziyan underground powerhouse was effectively controlled,and the deformation rate gradually reduced and finally stabilized,manifesting the effectiveness of the measures.

针对某水电站业已完成的地下厂房第一期开挖开展坚硬围岩初期支护的合理时机研究。 首先，根据地下厂房围岩变形监测资料!研究分析了围岩位移变化率的时间效应及坚硬围岩的应力释放特征；其次!借助二维有限元分析软件Phase²，通过指定不同的应力释放系数来模拟不同的洞室支护时机，计算结果表明在不同应力释放阶段!围岩自承载能力和围岩变形均表现出阶段性发展的趋势；随支护时机推迟，支护应力减小，围岩塑性区和开挖变形量增大；同时考虑坚硬围岩应力释放的时间效应，研究围岩变形特征曲线，为初期锚喷支护的设置时机提供了可以测量、控制的研究手段。 最后，综合不同支护时机下的支护抗力和围岩应力、变形分析表明：针对该水电站地下厂房坚硬围岩，应力释放达约60~70%或开挖通过施工断面15d 左右是一个较为有利的支护时机。计算结果符合地下工程施工过程的一般规律，对于该水电站地下厂房正在进行的开挖支护活动具有很好的参考价值。

<p>Abstract:&nbsp; For the first-phase excavation of underground powerhouse in a hydropower project, the primary supporting time of hard surrounding rockmass is studied. Firstly, time effect of displacement ratio and stress releasing characteristics of the hard surrounding rockmass are analyzed based on deformation monitoring. Then, the different supporting schedules are simulated with the corresponding stress releasing coefficient by the two dimensional FEM software Phase2. The result shows that the bearing capacity and deformation development of surrounding rockmass exhibit staged characteristics with different stress releasing coefficients, and support stress becomes less, the excavation displacement and rock plastic zone becomes larger with the supporting time postponed. A new method to study primary supporting time of hard surrounding rockmass is provided by considering time effect of deformation curve. Finally, based on calculation results with different supporting time, it reveals that it is appropriate time to support when the stress releasing coefficient reaches to about 0.6~0.7 or excavation of some construction section passes through approximately 15d. The analysis methods are verified and have some reference value for the further study on excavation and support of the hydropower project.</p>