The soil used for the core dam of a reservoir in Xinjiang is dispersive soil. To treat this soil, 1% lime is added. To ensure project quality and achieve uniform mixing, a ZB05 cold recycling paver was employed, with mixing cycles set at 1, 2, 4, and 6, respectively. The SG-6 multifunctional direct-reading calcium meter was used for rapid and random detection of soil lime content to control the uniformity of the lime-treated soil. The influence of aging time on the compaction characteristics of the improved soil was also investigated. In the field construction environment, the impact of curing age on the physical and mechanical properties of the improved soil was evaluated through indoor compression and direct shear tests. Results show that, when rolled 8 times with a spread thickness of 30 and 35 cm, the settlement of the soil material stabilizes, and the dry density after rolling meets the requirement of ≥1.73 g/cm³, with a compaction degree of ≥99%. When the mixing cycle is 6, the uniformity of the lime mixing stabilizes, with a coefficient of variation ( C_v ) of 0.28. As the aging time increases, the lime-treated soil becomes less favorable for rolling. To maintain a compaction degree of 99%, the aging time should not exceed 9 hours. The compressibility and shear strength of the improved soil are significantly influenced by curing age. As curing age increases, the compressibility of the lime-treated soil decreases, whereas shear strength increases, consistent with laboratory test results.