PDF(7222 KB)
Effects of Soil Texture and Gravel on Infiltration and Sediment Yield of Engineering Spoil Heaps under Rainfall Condition
LI Jian-ming, LIU Chen-xi, ZHANG Chang-wei, WANG Wen-long, WANG Yi-feng, GUO Ming-ming, KANG Hong-liang, SUN Bao-yang
Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12) : 73-81.
PDF(7222 KB)
PDF(7222 KB)
Effects of Soil Texture and Gravel on Infiltration and Sediment Yield of Engineering Spoil Heaps under Rainfall Condition
The influence of soil and gravel on the infiltration and sediment yield on engineering spoil heaps was investigated via artificial simulated rainfall experiments. Three soil types (sand, loam, and clay) and gravel mass fractions (10%, 20%, and 30%, with bare slope as control) were evaluated under three rainfall intensities (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm/min). The findings are summarized as follows: 1) sandy soils exhibited a continuous decrease in infiltration rate, whereas loam and clay showed stable infiltration at 6 min and 3-18 min, respectively. Gravel inhibited the infiltration of sandy soils but promoted it in clay soils. The initial and stable infiltration rates of loam increased with higher gravel mass fraction. 2) The average infiltration rate of sandy soil was 0.88-2.40 times and 1.04-2.18 times those of loam and clay, respectively. The Horton infiltration model effectively predicted the infiltration rates of loam and clay during rainfall, with errors ranging from 0.61% to 6.82%. 3) Erosion in sandy soils occurred throughout the entire rainfall process, becoming more severe in the later stages. In contrast, initial erosion in loam and clay was significantly greater than in the later stages. The average erosion rate of sandy soil was 4.74 times and 2.84 times those of loam and clay, respectively. 4) Gravel significantly inhibited erosion in sandy soil and loam at rainfall intensities of 1.5 and 2.0 mm/min, but increased erosion in sandy soil and clay at 1.0 mm/min. These results provide data foundation for developing soil erosion models for engineering spoil heaps, offering both theoretical and practical values.
spoil heaps / soil texture / mass fraction of gravel / rainfall simulation / infiltration / sediment yield
| [1] |
李建明, 王志刚, 张长伟, 等. 生产建设项目弃土弃渣特性及资源化利用潜力评价[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020, 34(2): 1-8.
(
|
| [2] |
高儒学, 戴全厚, 甘艺贤, 等. 土石混合堆积体坡面土壤侵蚀研究进展[J]. 水土保持学报, 2018, 32(6): 1-8, 39.
(
|
| [3] |
蒲朝勇. 深入推进水土保持碳汇工作提升水土保持生态产品供给能力[J]. 水利发展研究, 2024, 24(3):53-57.
(
|
| [4] |
|
| [5] |
王一峰, 屈丽琴, 李建明, 等. 基于近20年《中国水土保持公报》的水土流失治理分析[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2023, 40(7): 59-65.
水土保持是生态文明建设的重要组成部分,也是反映经济社会发展与生态环境质量动态平衡的重要综合指标。基于近20 a的《中国水土保持公报》,分析了水土流失现状,总结了水土保持工作进展,深入探究了水土流失动态变化成因及水土保持阶段性成效,研究成果对评价水土保持工作成效具有重要理论意义。研究结果表明:①与20世纪80年代末相比,2020年全国水土流失面积下降了26.6%,相较于20世纪初下降了24.4%;②2011年以前水土流失以中度及以上强度为主,2018年以后轻度流失面积占比超过60%;③水土流失综合治理是水土流失面积降低的主要原因;近20 a来,11条主要江河年总输沙量下降了72.4%,年输沙量与累计水土流失治理面积呈显著的负相关关系(R<sup>2</sup>=0.90)。现阶段我国水土流失治理由“面”向“点”纵深推进,水土保持工作迈入高质量发展。研究成果可为我国水土保持工作评价及水土保持高质量发展提供定量数据和理论基础。
(
Soil and water conservation plays a crucial role in the construction of ecological civilization. It is also an important indicator that reflects the balance between economic and social development and ecological environment quality. Based on the <i>China Soil and Water Conservation Bulletin</i> published over the past two decades, we analyze the current status of soil and water loss in China, summarize the progresses made in soil and water conservation, and scrutinize the causes of dynamic changes in soil and water loss as well as the effectiveness of soil and water conservation efforts. Our research reveals that: 1) in 2020,the soil erosion area in China reduced by 26.6% from the late 1980s and 24.4% from the beginning of the 20th century; 2) before 2011, soil erosion was moderate or severe, but from 2018, the erosion intensity significantly decreased, and the mild loss area accounted for more than 60%; 3) comprehensive treatment of soil erosion is the primary contribution to the reduction of soil erosion area. Over the past 20 years, the annual sediment discharge of eleven major rivers decreased by 72.4%, and the annual sediment load was significantly negatively correlated with the cumulative soil erosion control area (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>=0.90). At present, China's soil and water conservation efforts are advancing from “surface” to “point” and are moving towards high-quality development. The research results provide quantitative data and theoretical foundations for evaluating soil and water conservation work and promoting high-quality development of soil and water conservation in China.
|
| [6] |
史东梅, 蒋光毅, 彭旭东, 等. 不同土石比的工程堆积体边坡径流侵蚀过程[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(17):152-161.
(
|
| [7] |
张乐涛, 董俊武, 袁琳, 等. 黄土区工程堆积体陡坡坡面径流调控工程措施的减沙效应[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(15): 101-109.
(
|
| [8] |
左其亭, 王子尧, 马军霞. 我国现代治水研究热点与发展展望[J]. 水利发展研究, 2024, 24(6): 13-19.
(
|
| [9] |
王小燕, 李朝霞, 徐勤学, 等. 砾石覆盖对土壤水蚀过程影响的研究进展[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2011, 9(1):115-120.
(
|
| [10] |
|
| [11] |
|
| [12] |
|
| [13] |
郭晓朦, 何丙辉, 姚云, 等. 扰动地表下不同长度坡面土壤物理性质及水分入渗特征[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 45(7): 57-65.
(
|
| [14] |
刘卫涛, 曹文贵, 张运强. 考虑土体非饱和特性的斜坡降雨入渗模型及边坡稳定性分析[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2021, 38(4):102-109,117.
降雨入渗是诱发滑坡的关键因素,研究斜坡降雨入渗规律对于滑坡的预测与防范具有重要意义。传统的Green-Ampt模型及改进的Green-Ampt模型均假定入渗过程为均匀饱和入渗,忽略了入渗过程中湿润锋锋面上方非饱和区的存在。针对这一不足,首先,基于达西定律分析斜坡内基质吸力的分布规律;然后,结合非饱和土VG模型得到了斜坡内湿润区含水量沿深度变化的函数关系;最后,基于改进的Green-Ampt模型推导了考虑土体非饱和特性的斜坡降雨入渗模型,并将其引入到无限斜坡稳定性分析当中。研究结果表明:与数值解和现有模型相比,考虑土体非饱和特性的降雨入渗模型能更加准确地反映降雨入渗的过程,基于改进模型计算的稳定性系数较好地揭示了恒定降雨强度下斜坡稳定性的变化规律,证明了该方法的正确性和适用性。
(
Rainfall infiltration is a key factor which induces landslides. Researching the law of rainfall infiltration in slope is of crucial significance for the prediction and prevention of landslides. The traditional Green-Ampt model and the improved Green-Ampt model both assume that the infiltration process is uniform and saturated, ignoring the existence of unsaturated zone above the wetting front. In view of this, we analyzed the distribution law of matric suction in slope first of all based on Darcy’s law; and in subsequence, we obtained the functional relation of water content in the wet zone of slope varying with depth in association with the VG model of unsaturated soil; finally, we derived a rainfall infiltration model considering the unsaturated characteristics of soil using the improved Green-Ampt model, and applied the model into infinite slope stability analysis. Results demonstrated that, compared with numerical solution and existing models, the proposed infiltration model in consideration of the unsaturated characteristics of soil reflects more accurately the process of rainfall infiltration. In addition, the stability coefficient calculated based on the proposed model better reveals the change rule of slope stability under constant rainfall intensity, which proves the correctness and applicability of the model.
|
| [15] |
|
| [16] |
|
| [17] |
|
| [18] |
陈俊杰, 孙莉英, 蔡崇法, 等. 不同土壤坡面细沟侵蚀差异与其影响因素[J]. 土壤学报, 2013, 50(2):281-288.
(
|
| [19] |
马洪超, 谢永生, 赵暄, 等. 工程堆积体标准小区界定与可蚀性因子改进[J]. 水土保持学报, 2016, 30(3):59-64.
(
|
| [20] |
王小燕, 王天巍, 蔡崇法, 等. 含碎石紫色土坡面降雨入渗和产流产沙过程[J]. 水科学进展, 2014, 25(2): 189-195.
(
|
| [21] |
|
| [22] |
|
| [23] |
|
| [24] |
|
| [25] |
|
| [26] |
|
| [27] |
|
| [28] |
杨帅. 不同工程堆积体坡面水蚀过程及泥沙颗粒搬运机制研究[D]. 杨凌: 中国科学院大学, 2018.
(
|
| [29] |
|
| [30] |
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
