By analyzing long-term monitoring data, we examined the post-operation deformation (defined as the deformation in stable running stage) of the maximum-height section and the downstream surface of Shuibuya concrete-faced rockfill dam (CFRD), and hence revealed the spatiotemporal distributions of post-operation deformation of the dam. We found that settlement is the dominant form of deformation in the stable running stage of the dam. The increment of settlement in stable running stage increased with the rise of elevation, while the increment of horizontal displacement bore no correlation with elevation. The increment of tri-directional deformation of the downstream surface in stable running stage was similar to that of general deformation of CFRD. The deformation time of maximum-height section differed from that of downstream surface: the deformations of downstream surface mostly occurred in the later stage, while the settlement of the maximum-height section was observed mainly before the later stage. Moreover, the annual settlement increment of each monitoring point fluctuated. The distribution of the annual settlement increment of the downstream surface was obvious, and the annual settlement increment of almost all monitoring points at downstream surface showed a decreasing trend with time. According to the research results, we recommend to improve the compaction quality of dam materials in the middle-upper part of the dam, especially on the downstream side in order to control the post-operation deformation of the dam.