To obtain the change trends of runoff and sediment in the Chabagou catchment, we expound the sediment transport dynamics in single flood event by analyzing the sediment load in 98 flood events during 1970-2016. Results show that the hysteresis curve patterns(denoted by the C-Q relation) of flood and sediment transport in the Chabagou catchment over the past five decades mainly include four types: clockwise, counterclockwise, 8-shaped, and complex. Among the four modes, the counterclockwise type has the largest proportion and the largest amount of sediment transported by flood, while the clockwise type has the smallest proportion but the highest average peak flow and highest average sediment peak, whereas complex pattern has the longest average duration. In temporal scale, the hysteresis curve of flood and sediment transport in 1980-1989 is mainly counterclockwise, followed by complex pattern. Since 2006, the number of counterclockwise pattern flood and complex pattern flood has decreased significantly, while the number of 8-shaped pattern has increased. This phenomenon can be accounted for the following facts: comprehensive management of small watersheds has been carried out since the 1970s, and various soil and water conservation measures have had strong effects in 1970-1989; however, after 2000, due to depositions and damages after long-term use, the effectiveness gradually reduced, affecting the overall water and sediment transport mode in the Chabagou catchment.
Key words
hysteretic relation between water and sediment /
runoff /
sediment load /
soil and water conservation measures /
single flood event /
Chabagou catchment
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
References
[1] ZABALETA A, MARTINEZ M, URIARTE J A, et al. Factors Controlling Suspended Sediment Yield During Runoff Events in Small Headwater Catchments of the Basque Country[J]. Catena, 2007, 71(1): 179-190.
[2] PANSAK W, HILGER T H, DERCON G, et al. Changes in the Relationship between Soil Erosion and N Loss Pathways after Establishing Soil Conservation Systems in Uplands of Northeast Thailand[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2008, 128(3): 167-176.
[3] WALLING D E, FANG D. Recent Trends in the Suspended Sediment Loads of the World's Rivers[J].Global and Planetary Change, 2003, 39(1/2): 111-126.
[4] OWENS P N, BATALLA R J, COLLINS A J, et al. Fine-grained Sediment in River Systems: Environmental Significance and Management Issues[J]. River Research and Applications, 2005, 21(7): 693-717.
[5] 高 鹏,穆兴民,李 锐,等. 黄河支流无定河水沙变化趋势及其驱动因素[J]. 泥沙研究,2009(5): 22-28.
[6] 张金萍,张 鑫,肖宏林. 潼关水文站1919—2015年水沙演化特征研究[J]. 水电能源科学,2018,36(11): 112-115.
[7] 魏 霞,李勋贵,李占斌. 大理河流域治理前后径流泥沙变化研究[J]. 长江科学院院报,2011,28(4): 1-4.
[8] WILLIAMS G P. Sediment Concentration versus Water Discharge During Single Hydrologic Events in Rivers[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1989,111(1/2/3/4): 89-106
[9] ASSELMAN N E M. Suspended Sediment Dynamics in a Large Drainage Basin: The River Rhine[J]. Hydrological Process, 1999, 13(10): 1437-1450.
[10]BRONSDON R K, NADEN P S. Suspended Sediment in the Rivers Tweed and Teviot[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2000, 251/252: 95-113.
[11]FANG H Y, LI Q Y, CAI Q G,et al. Spatial Scale Dependence of Sediment Dynamics in a Gullied Rolling Loess Region on the Loess Plateau in China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2011, 64: 693-705.
[12]GAO P,MU X,ZHAO G,SUN W,et al. Runoff-Sediment Dynamics under Different Flood Patterns in a Loess Plateau Catchment, China[J]. Catena,2019,173:234-245.
[13]BRASINGTON J,RICHARDS K. Turbidity and Suspended Sediment Dynamics in Small Catchments in the Nepal Middle Hills[J]. Hydrological Processes,2000,14:2559-2574.
[14]FANG H Y, CAI Q G, CHEN H,et al. Temporal Changes in Suspended Sediment Transport in a Gullied Loess Basin: The lower Chabagou Creek on the Loess Plateau in China[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2008, 33(13): 1977-1992.
[15]ZHAO G J, YUE X L, TIAN P, et al. Comparison of the Suspended Sediment Dynamics in Two Loess Plateau Catchments, China[J]. Land Degradation & Development, 2017, 28(4): 1398-1411.
[16]杨丽虎,刘 鑫,宋献方. 岔巴沟流域降雨不同时间尺度的空间变异特征[J].人民黄河,2019,41(3): 1-5.
[17]王振飞. 子洲县退耕还林(草)之我见[J]. 陕西水利,2002(2):25.
[18]龚时旸,熊贵枢. 黄河泥沙来源和地区分布[J].人民黄河,1979(1): 1000-1379.
[19]JANSSON M B. Determining Sediment Source Areas in a Tropical River Basin, Costa Rica[J]. Catena, 2002, 47(1): 63-84.
[20]LENZI M A, MARCHI L. Suspended Sediment Load During Floods in a Small Stream of the Dolomites (Northeastern Italy)[J]. Catena, 2000, 39(4): 267-282.
[21]SOLER M, LATRON J, GALLART F. Relationships between Suspended Sediment Concentrations and Discharge in Two Small Research Basins in a Mountainous Mediterranean Area (Vallcebre, Eastern Pyrenees)[J]. Geomorphology, 2008, 98: 143-152.
[22]GENTILE F, BISANTINO T, CORBINO R,et al. Monitoring and Analysis of Suspended Sediment Transport Dynamics in the Carapelle Torrent (Southern Italy)[J]. Catena, 2010, 80(1): 1-8.
[23]HEIDEL S G. The Progressive Lag of Sediment Concentration with Flood Waves[J]. EOS, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 1956, 37(1): 56-66.
[24]LANA-RENAULT N,REGÜÉS D.Seasonal Patterns of Suspended Sediment Transport in an Abandoned Farmland Catchment in the Central Spanish Pyrenees[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2009,34(9):1291-1301.
[25]LÓPEZ-TARAZÓN J A, BATALLA R J, VERICAT D, et al. Suspended Sediment Transport in a Highly Erodible Catchment: The River Isábena (Southern Pyrenees)[J].Geomorphology,2009,109(3/4):210-221.
[26]李 洁. 大理河流域洪水径流变化特性研究[D].西安:西安理工大学, 2017.
[27]闫丹丹. 大理河流域植被变化对洪峰流量影响分析[D].西安:西安理工大学,2018.
PDF(1547 KB)
